How Are Prefabricated Houses Made

Prefabricated houses are mainly constructed through a modular building approach, where components are prefabricated in factories and then transported to the site for assembly. The production processes vary for different types of prefabricated houses, as detailed below:

Modular Building Approach

The entire building is broken down into multiple independent modules, which are manufactured in the factory. Ceilings, floors, plumbing, and electrical systems are all prefabricated on the factory assembly line. Taking the China Construction Hailong Intelligent Construction Industrial Park in Shenzhen, Guangdong, as an example, ceilings, walls, and waterproof layers in bathrooms are all produced in the factory. Some scattered components are first produced separately on the second or third floors and then sent to the final assembly station, where welding robots and highly automated methods are used for final assembly. These prefabricated modules are then transported to the construction site and assembled like building blocks to form a complete house.

Construction of Prefabricated Houses in Rural South Korea

• Leveling the Foundation and Pouring the Sub-base: Excavators are used to clear weeds and level the foundation. Surveyors use measuring rods to ensure that the excavation depth and ground height meet design requirements. After digging down about 60 centimeters, a white plastic sheet is spread over the foundation, and a concrete pump truck is used to pour concrete through a long arm pipe. No steel reinforcement is used in this foundation. Laying the white plastic sheet in advance prevents moisture loss in the concrete, promotes hydration reactions, and enhances the strength and durability of the concrete.
• Installing Foundation Piles and Assembling Beams: After the concrete sets, anchor plates are installed. Holes are first drilled using a drill, and expansion screws are used for fixation to secure the foundation piles to the sub-base. After the anchor plates are installed, a mobile crane is used to install the prefabricated foundation piles, each weighing about 5 tons. Once the six foundation piles are in place, beams are assembled like building blocks. After horizontal measurement and adjustment, they are fixed with nuts. Finally, expanding foam is used to fill the gaps between the beams and foundation piles for support, and cement is used to seal the nut fixings to prevent rusting and corrosion of connecting components, extending the service life of the structure.
• Backfilling Soil and Pouring the Foundation: Backfilling with soil begins after the foundation frame structure is completed.

Production of AI-Controlled Wooden Prefabricated Houses

• Material Preparation: Two dividing lines are drawn on the prepared pine wood, and it is sawed with almost zero error high precision along the marks from top to bottom. After the equipment detects gravity, it drags the wood to the left parking area. At the same time, a laser prints labels of the same model according to the cut dimensions and sticks them on the surface. The wood is then sorted and stacked. When needed, robotic arms suck out the required wooden planks according to a pre-set trajectory.
• Ensuring Precision Between Wooden Planks: After the wooden planks are stacked in place, the opposite roller robotic arms immediately push inward, and a nail gun secures one side in less than 2 seconds to form a window, while the vertical surface is picked up and transported to the next platform. Various robotic arms work together, and the walls nailed by the nail gun have no deviations.
• Making Load-Bearing Beams: Workers insert solid wood into the equipment to make square frames, which serve as the main walls of the house, providing strong support for decades of residence.