Hoisting of Prefabricated Beams in House Construction

The hoisting of prefabricated beams in house construction requires following key steps such as technical preparation, personnel organization, hoisting implementation, positioning and pouring, and safety protection. The specific process is as follows:

I. Project Overview and Confirmation of Prefabricated Beam Information

Before hoisting the prefabricated beams, it is necessary to clarify the project structure type (such as prefabricated concrete structures), beam specifications (such as cross-sectional dimensions of 300mm×600mm or 350mm×700mm), and the weight of each beam (8.5-12.2 tons). These parameters directly affect the selection of hoisting equipment (such as the tonnage of truck cranes) and the design of lifting points, and it is essential to ensure data accuracy through drawing review and on-site verification.

II. Construction Preparation Stage

1. Technical Preparation
   • Organize construction and quality inspection personnel to verify the dimensions, weight, and installation positions of the prefabricated beams, prepare hoisting operation instructions, and clarify the process (such as lifting, translation, and positioning) and accuracy requirements (such as elevation error ≤5mm).
   • Accurately set out the installation positions, mark control lines on the building structure, collect factory quality certificates, and inspect the appearance of the beams transported to the site (such as cracks and honeycomb surfaces).
2. Personnel and Equipment Preparation
   • Establish a special management team, equipped with full-time safety officers, hoisting commanders, crane operators, and installation workers, all of whom must hold relevant certificates.
   • Select truck cranes that meet the lifting capacity requirements, inspect equipment performance (such as steel wire ropes and limiters) and the stability of support frames, ensuring that the heights of the support points at both ends are consistent.

III. Hoisting Operation Implementation

1. Determination and Inspection of Lifting Points
   • Determine four lifting points based on the length and weight distribution of the beam (usually located at 1/4 of the beam's span) to avoid local stress concentration.
   • Check whether the position of the reinforcement at the beam ends affects hoisting, and confirm that the support frames are ready and the support point heights meet design requirements.
2. Lifting and Positioning
   • The truck crane slowly lifts the beam, pausing when it is approximately 200mm above the ground to check the balance of the lifting equipment and the beam.
   • Guide the beam to the installation position above through command signals, slowly lower it within the control line range, and avoid colliding with installed components.

IV. Positioning and Pouring

1. Component Positioning
   • Use a laser level or water level to verify the elevation and centerline, and make fine adjustments with jacks to meet design requirements.
2. Concrete Pouring
   • After confirming the positioning is correct, use the pressure grouting method to pour concrete at the beam-column joints and laminated slabs, ensuring compactness and covering the bottom of the beam to form an integral structure.

V. Safety and Protection Measures

1. Environmental Management
   • Avoid working during peak traffic hours, set up fences and sprinkler dust suppression equipment, and control noise and dust pollution.
2. Quality Monitoring
   • Immediately return beams with quality defects (such as insufficient strength or dimensional deviations) to the component factory for processing, and strictly prohibit the use of non-conforming products.
3. Emergency Plan
   • Develop an emergency plan for hoisting accidents, equip with first aid equipment and communication tools, and ensure timely response to emergencies.