Principle of Mobile Toilets

The principles of mobile toilets are divided into two categories based on their types: traditional water-flushing and waterless flushing, with their core mechanisms centered around waste treatment and resource recycling.

Traditional Water-Flushing Mobile Toilets

Their core principle relies on physical structures to achieve water circulation for flushing. The water injection system consists of a handwashing tank (on the left) and a clean water tank (on the front right). Users manually inject water by turning on the valve, and the clean water tank stores the flushing water. The flushing system uses a foot pedal to control water flow; stepping on the pedal opens the valve, allowing water to flush the toilet and carry waste into the sewage pipe. Some high-end models (such as the Dutch lifting public toilet) incorporate hydraulic systems, using hydraulic cylinders to raise and lower the toilet body: it automatically rises to ground level for use at night and descends back underground in the morning, while also featuring anti-vandalism designs (such as reinforced casings and anti-theft locks) to extend service life. These toilets rely on water supply and drainage systems and require regular cleaning of sewage pipes or connection to municipal sewage networks.

Waterless Mobile Toilets

These toilets use non-water media technologies for waste treatment, with core goals of reduction, harmlessness, and resource utilization, suitable for scenarios without water supply and drainage.

• Mechanical Packing Type: Uses biodegradable plastic bags to wrap waste, with mechanical devices automatically sealing the bag opening and replacing it with a new bag. Waste falls into a storage tank for regular removal, preventing cross-contamination.
• Microbial Degradation Type: Adds efficient microbial strains to the storage tank, decomposing organic matter through aerobic fermentation. The temperature rises to 60-70°C to kill pathogens, with the final product being odorless humus that can be used as organic fertilizer.
• Foam Sealing Type: Mixes foaming agents with air to generate a dense foam layer covering the toilet, reducing odor diffusion when waste slides into the pipe while lubricating the pipe to prevent blockages.
• Vacuum Suction Type: A vacuum pump generates a negative pressure of over -0.08MPa to instantly suck waste into a treatment tank, using only 0.2-0.5L of water per use, with a water-saving rate exceeding 95%.
• Chemical Agent Type: Adds agents containing oxidants and biological enzymes to the storage tank, degrading waste through oxidation decomposition and neutralization reactions while releasing antibacterial factors to control odors.

Waterless mobile toilets must comply with the GB/T18092-2000 standard, with a water-saving rate exceeding 90%. They are widely used in arid regions and temporary event venues (such as music festivals and disaster areas) but require regular replenishment of agents or cleaning of the storage tank to maintain performance.