How to Install Prefabricated Slab Houses

The installation of prefabricated slab houses must strictly follow standardized procedures to ensure structural safety and functionality. The key points are as follows:

I. Material Selection and Inspection

1. Prefabricated Slab Quality: Choose prefabricated slabs produced by reputable large manufacturers. The steel reinforcement should be prestressed, with a concrete strength grade of no less than C30, and the specifications and quantity of steel reinforcement must comply with national standards.
2. Appearance Inspection: The surface of the prefabricated slabs should be free from obvious defects such as cracks, honeycombs, or holes to avoid structural safety hazards caused by material issues.

II. Placement Foundation Requirements

1. Concrete Component Support: When placing prefabricated slabs on concrete components (such as ring beams), the support length should be no less than 80mm to ensure stable load transfer.
2. Wall Support: If placed on walls, the support length should be extended to more than 100mm, and the wall's load-bearing capacity must meet design requirements to prevent local crushing.

III. Installation Gaps and Fixing

1. Gap Between Slabs: When installing, a gap of 20-40mm should be reserved between two prefabricated slabs to provide operating space for subsequent gap treatment.
2. Mortar Seating and Sealing: After installation, mortar seating treatment (using cement mortar for filling) should be performed at the lower ends of both sides of the slab to enhance integrity. The holes of prefabricated slabs installed at both ends of walls should be sealed with concrete to prevent moisture or insect intrusion.

IV. Usage Restrictions and Prohibitions

1. Prohibition of Cutting Holes or Slots: Prefabricated floor slabs are integral load-bearing components. Randomly cutting holes or slots can damage their structural integrity and reduce load-bearing capacity.
2. Prohibition in Special Areas: Prefabricated slabs are not suitable for use in damp areas such as kitchens and bathrooms, as improper gap treatment can easily lead to leakage. It is recommended to use cast-in-place floor slabs in these areas.

V. Gap Treatment and Maintenance

1. Cleaning and Pouring: Debris inside the slab gaps should be thoroughly cleaned. First, pour cement mortar and vibrate it densely. If the gap is large (exceeding 40mm), it should be filled with cast-in-place concrete.
2. Prohibition of Brick Filling: It is strictly prohibited to fill gaps with bricks, as the different shrinkage rates between bricks and concrete can easily lead to crack expansion or leakage.
3. Maintenance Requirements: After pouring, cover and maintain moisture to prevent rapid water loss from affecting strength development.

VI. Roof Waterproofing Treatment

1. Cast-in-Place Preferred: It is recommended to use cast-in-place methods for roofs, which offer better integrity and waterproofing performance.
2. Prefabricated Slab Roof: If prefabricated slabs must be used, first lay a layer of steel reinforcement mesh on the roof (to enhance crack resistance), and then pour a layer of 6-8mm thick crushed stone concrete as a protective layer to prevent rainwater penetration.

Strictly adhering to the above standards can effectively ensure the structural safety and durability of prefabricated slab houses, avoiding increased maintenance costs in the later stages.