The Working Principle of Prefabricated House Slabs

The working principle of prefabricated house slabs is based on the standardized molding and installation technology of concrete prefabricated components, achieving efficient load-bearing and functional integration through the synergistic action of steel bars and concrete and structural optimization design.

1. Mold Making and Steel Bar Placement
   The production of prefabricated slabs begins with mold construction. Traditional processes use wooden planks to create hollow molds, into which steel bar frameworks are placed before pouring cement. Modern processes upgrade to steel plate enclosures with mold release agents applied, enhancing mold reusability and the smoothness of the concrete surface. As the core load-bearing components, the density and specifications of the steel bars must strictly adhere to design load requirements to ensure the prefabricated slabs have sufficient bending and shear resistance during later use.

2. Prestressing Technology for Structural Reinforcement
   Applying prestress through the pre-tensioning method is a crucial step: specialized equipment is used to stretch steel bars (such as steel strands) to the designed strength before securing them, followed by pouring concrete. After the concrete solidifies, the steel bars are released, and the resulting compressive stress from their retraction continuously squeezes the concrete, significantly enhancing the structure's tensile strength. This technology ensures that the concrete in the prefabricated slabs remains primarily under compression when subjected to loads, effectively avoiding cracking risks, especially suitable for large-span floor slabs or heavy-load scenarios.

3. Lightweight and Functional Optimization Design

   • Hollow Structure: Weight reduction is achieved by reducing the amount of concrete in non-load-bearing areas, while also lowering material costs. The hollow sections can also reserve space for pipelines, facilitating the later installation of cables, drainage pipes, and other facilities.
   • Foam Filling Technology: Some processes embed large foam panels (up to 15 centimeters thick) into the concrete to further reduce weight and potentially improve sound insulation. After pouring cement over the foam, a vibrating rod is used to remove air bubbles, preventing structural strength reduction or surface cracking due to voids.

4. Standardized Curing and Precision Cutting
   After pouring, the prefabricated slabs undergo high-temperature steam curing or natural curing to promote concrete hardening. The curing period and temperature and humidity control directly affect the development of structural strength. Subsequently, CNC electric saws are used for cutting to ensure dimensional accuracy and form hollow channels to meet building functional requirements (such as ventilation and pipeline concealment).

5. On-Site Installation and Structural Integration
   After production in the factory, the prefabricated slabs are transported to the construction site by vehicles and precisely positioned using lifting equipment. During installation, it is essential to ensure that the slab joints are sealed and the connection nodes are secure, ultimately forming an integrated load-bearing system with beams, columns, and other structures. Their standardized production model significantly shortens the on-site construction period while reducing the use of formwork and construction waste generation, aligning with green building development trends.