Prefabricated Drawings for Stairs in Rural Houses
Currently, there are no directly available complete prefabricated drawings for stairs in rural houses, but design drawings can be assisted by the generation process of prefabricated stairs and related parameter settings.
I. Main Body and General Parameter Settings When drawing prefabricated drawings for stairs in rural houses, the first step is to select the stair main body and set general parameters. The concrete grade is an important parameter that determines the strength and durability of the stairs. Common grades include C20, C25, and C30, which should be reasonably selected based on the load-bearing conditions and usage environment of the stairs. Stair types are divided into double-run stairs and scissor stairs. Double-run stairs are more common and suitable for most rural houses due to their simple structure and convenient construction. Scissor stairs are suitable for buildings with high evacuation requirements, providing two independent evacuation routes.
II. Stair Parameter Settings Stair parameters directly affect the comfort and safety of stair usage. The stair width should be determined based on the usage function of the house and pedestrian traffic. Generally, the stair width for residential buildings should be no less than 1.1 meters. The total riser height should be calculated in combination with the floor height and the number of risers. The number of risers is usually set between 15 and 18 steps according to ergonomics, with a riser height generally ranging from 150 to 180 millimeters. The tread width should ensure that people can comfortably place their feet while walking, generally no less than 260 millimeters. The slab thickness should be determined based on the span and load-bearing conditions of the stairs to ensure sufficient load-bearing capacity.
III. Reinforcement Settings Reinforcement is crucial for ensuring the structural safety of stairs. The cover thickness in general parameters prevents steel reinforcement from rusting and should generally be no less than 20 millimeters. Longitudinal reinforcement includes upper and lower reinforcement, whose diameters and spacings should be determined based on load-bearing calculations of the stairs. The diameters of upper and lower reinforcement should generally be no less than 10 millimeters, with spacings no greater than 200 millimeters. Distribution reinforcement is used to fix the positions of longitudinal reinforcement, with diameters generally no less than 6 millimeters and spacings no greater than 250 millimeters. Edge stirrups enhance the shear resistance of stair edges, with their diameters and spacings set according to design requirements. Dowel reinforcement improves the connection strength between stairs and the main structure, and its diameter should also be reasonably selected.
IV. Selection of Embedded Parts Embedded parts play an important role in the installation and usage of stairs. Lifting embedded parts are used for lifting and transporting stairs and should be selected based on the weight and dimensions of the stairs. Diagonal bracing and demolding embedded parts are used to support and demold stairs during the prefabrication process, ensuring the molding quality of the stairs. Railing embedded parts can be selected and enabled as needed for installing stair handrails and other facilities.
