How to Construct a Prefabricated Slab House

The construction process of a prefabricated slab house mainly includes steps such as foundation treatment, component hoisting, positioning and placement, support adjustment, and installation of other components, as detailed below:

1. Foundation Treatment and Installation Preparation
Before construction, determine the installation position of the prefabricated slabs, install dedicated supports, and clean the floor surface to ensure a flat and solid foundation. During this phase, precise layout according to the design drawings is required to define the laying range and boundary control lines of the prefabricated slabs, providing a reference for subsequent hoisting and positioning. Additionally, check the stability of the supports to avoid installation deviations caused by foundation issues.

2. Component Hoisting
Use a hoisting steel beam as a lifting device for the composite slabs to ensure even load distribution at the lifting points and prevent local stress concentration in the components. The tower crane slowly lifts the prefabricated slab, pausing when the bottom of the slab is approximately 50 cm above the ground to check if the lifting device is securely connected and if the component is level. Once confirmed, continue lifting, maintaining a constant speed during the hoisting process to avoid collisions or damage caused by violent shaking.

3. Positioning and Placement
Release the positioning edge lines and control lines for the prefabricated slabs on the floor slab, and place elevation adjustment shims to the design elevation. When the prefabricated slab is hoisted to approximately 50 cm above the working layer, pause, and construction personnel should guide the component to control its descent direction, slowly lowering it until it is stably in place. During this phase, focus on checking the alignment between the component edges and the control lines to ensure accurate installation positions.

4. Support and Adjustment
Install upper and lower diagonal supports to secure the prefabricated slab: the lower diagonal supports are used to adjust the in-and-out position of the component, completing the bottom positioning; the upper diagonal supports achieve precise control of the verticality through fine adjustments. During the adjustment process, use a level or laser plumb bob for real-time monitoring to ensure that the verticality deviation of the installed prefabricated slab complies with regulatory requirements (usually ≤3 mm).

5. Installation of Other Components
Install the remaining prefabricated components, such as walls and stairs, in the design sequence. During this phase, pay attention to the treatment of connection nodes between components, such as using reinforced bar sleeve grouting connections or post-poured concrete connections, to ensure structural integrity. After installation, conduct a comprehensive inspection, focusing on verifying the tightness and stability of the component joints.

Additional Information on Prefabricated Slab Characteristics: Prefabricated slabs are factory-made cement components formed by nailing wooden models, laying out reinforcing bars, and pouring cement. They come in two types: solid and hollow. Solid slabs have high load-bearing capacity and are suitable for heavy-load areas; hollow slabs are lightweight and offer excellent sound insulation and thermal insulation properties, commonly used in residential buildings.