Quality Appraisal of Prefabricated Houses

The quality appraisal of prefabricated houses mainly involves inspections in areas such as structural safety, public facilities, and unauthorized modifications, with professional institutions classifying the houses into different grades according to standards and issuing reports.

I. Appraisal Content

1. Structural Safety Inspection: This is the core aspect of quality appraisal. It is necessary to check whether the load-bearing structures of prefabricated houses, such as beams, columns, and slabs, have any damage like cracks, deformations, or corrosion. For example, whether the prefabricated slabs are broken or whether the joints are loose can affect the overall structural safety of the house. At the same time, it is also essential to evaluate the load-bearing capacity of the structure to determine if it can withstand the loads under normal use conditions, including the activities of occupants, furniture placement, and external forces such as possible natural disasters.
2. Public Facility Check: The condition of public facilities is also related to the service quality of prefabricated houses. This includes checking whether the water and electricity lines are aged or leaking, whether the fire protection facilities are complete and can function properly, and whether the elevators (if any) operate smoothly and safely. Aged water and electricity lines may lead to short circuits, fires, and other safety hazards; the lack or damage of fire protection facilities can affect rescue operations and occupant evacuation in case of a fire.
3. Unauthorized Modification Inspection: Check whether there are any unauthorized modifications to the house, such as擅自改变房屋结构 (unauthorized changes to the house structure), adding floors, or altering the intended use. Unauthorized modifications may disrupt the original structural system of the house, reduce structural safety, and affect the overall quality of the house.

II. Appraisal Grade Classification According to the Standard for Dangerous House Appraisal (JGJ 125 - 2016), the quality appraisal of prefabricated houses is divided into four grades: A, B, C, and D. Grade A indicates that there are no dangerous components, and the structure can meet the requirements for safe use; Grade B means that individual components are dangerous but do not affect the safety of the main structure; Grade C implies that some load-bearing structures cannot meet the requirements for safe use, and parts of the house are in a dangerous state; Grade D indicates that the load-bearing structures can no longer meet the requirements for safe use, and the entire house is in a dangerous state.

III. Relevant Policies For prefabricated panel houses, the 15th Five-Year Plan for Urban Renewal issued by the State Council in 2026 clearly states that the demolition and renovation of Grade D dangerous houses should be accelerated, and more than 500,000 sets (units) of Grade C and D dangerous houses and prefabricated panel houses should be renovated to ensure the居住安全 (living safety) of residents and improve the living quality in cities.