Embedded Parts for Prefabricated Houses

Embedded parts for prefabricated houses are components pre-installed in concealed works for structural connections or equipment fixation, with their design, materials, and installation accuracy directly impacting the quality of construction projects.

I. Core Definition and Functions

Embedded parts are components placed before structural pouring (such as concrete pouring), primarily serving to provide connection points for superstructures (such as walls and floors) or fixed supports for equipment foundations (such as pipelines and tower cranes). Their core function is to ensure overall structural stability through rigid connections, avoiding the need for later drilling or reinforcement work, thereby enhancing project efficiency and safety.

II. Materials and Structural Types

1. Material Selection

   • Metallic Materials: Mainly steel bars and cast iron, known for their high strength and durability, suitable for high-load scenarios (such as beam-column connections).
   • Non-Metallic Materials: Rigid materials like wood and plastic, used in light-load or corrosion-resistant scenarios (such as temporary facilities or humid environments).
   • Composite Structures: Modern embedded parts often adopt multi-component composite designs, such as embedded perforated anchor bolts (fixed with bolts), limiting reinforcement bars (controlling installation positions), and steel bar wave rings (enhancing anchoring force), to achieve precise positioning and rigid connections.

2. Type Differentiation

   • By Application Scenario: Including embedded parts for UHPC component installation (used in ultra-high-performance concrete structures), embedded sleeves for tower crane attachments (ensuring tower crane stability), and embedded parts for formwork-free prefabricated road slabs (simplifying road construction processes).
   • By Function: Divided into tension-type (such as masonry tension bars, preventing wall cracking), fixed-type (such as equipment foundation bolts, ensuring equipment stability), and positioning-type (such as limiting reinforcement bars, controlling component installation accuracy).

III. Design and Installation Requirements

1. Customized Production: The specifications and parameters of embedded parts (such as dimensions and anchoring lengths) must be strictly customized according to building load design requirements to ensure that the load-bearing capacity matches project needs.
2. Installation Positioning Accuracy: Installation position deviations must be controlled within millimeters; otherwise, structural connection failures or equipment installation issues may occur. For example, the verticality deviation of tower crane embedded sleeves must be ≤1/500.
3. Patent Technology Optimization: Recent new patents (such as the anti-displacement fixing device by Jinhan Construction and the leveling fixing device by Henan Second Construction) have addressed issues like easy displacement and leveling difficulties in traditional embedded parts through mechanical structure innovations, significantly improving installation efficiency and accuracy.

IV. Industry Development Trends

With the advancement of building industrialization, embedded parts are moving towards standardization and modularization. For example, using BIM technology for three-dimensional positioning design, combined with prefabricated construction techniques, enables the factory prefabrication of embedded parts and components and their rapid on-site assembly, further shortening construction periods and reducing costs.