Prefabricated House Construction
The construction process of prefabricated houses typically includes six core steps: foundation treatment, installation of foundation piles and beams, main structure construction, modular assembly, refined construction, and post-construction reinforcement and integration.
Foundation treatment is the foundational step, requiring site leveling and pad casting. For example, in a rural South Korean case, the process began with clearing weeds and leveling the foundation, excavating a foundation pit about 60 centimeters deep, laying white plastic sheeting to prevent moisture loss and enhance concrete strength, and then casting a non-reinforced concrete pad. This step provides stable support for subsequent structures and ensures uniform foundation bearing capacity.
Installation of foundation piles and beams is carried out after the concrete has set. First, anchor plates are fixed, and prefabricated foundation piles (each weighing about 5 tons) are installed, followed by beam assembly. Beam connections use mortise-and-tenon joints or nut fastening, with gaps filled with foam sealant to enhance stability. This step requires strict control of pile verticality and beam levelness to prevent subsequent structural deformation.
Main structure construction adopts a “building block” assembly method. Prefabricated components such as stairs and floor slabs are installed using lifting equipment. Floor slabs, typically 5 centimeters thick, require grouting of all gaps after laying to ensure structural integrity. For instance, a Chinese affordable housing project assembled 5 high-rise residential buildings (nearly 100 meters tall) using 6,028 concrete modules, reducing the construction period by over 60% and demonstrating the efficiency of modular construction.
Modular construction mode involves breaking down the building into independent modules (e.g., ceilings, floors, plumbing, and electrical systems), which are prefabricated in factories and then assembled on-site. Each module comes with a detailed “ID card” containing project name, model, production date, and other information for quality traceability. Rebar positioning errors are controlled to the millimeter level to ensure assembly precision meets design requirements.
Refined construction and quality control are implemented throughout the process. Standardized production and rigorous testing reduce on-site wet work and minimize human errors. For example, the Chinese affordable housing project achieved millimeter-level rebar positioning accuracy through modular production, significantly improving building quality.
Post-construction reinforcement and integration is a critical finishing step. Secondary grouting is performed at prefabricated component connections, followed by laying steel mesh and casting concrete to form a monolithic structure. For example, in the South Korean case, threaded steel mesh nodes were bound to enhance foundation stability, ensuring seismic resistance and durability of the building.
The core advantages of prefabricated house construction lie in short construction periods, controllable quality, and energy efficiency, but it requires a well-developed industrial base, including a complete technical system, production system, and industrial cluster support.
