Prefabricated Assembly House Wall Panels

Prefabricated assembly house wall panels are the core components of prefabricated assembly buildings. They can be classified into various types based on function, material, and construction method, offering advantages such as energy conservation, shortened construction periods, and improved quality, with a development history spanning multiple stages.

Types and Materials

Based on building function, they are divided into interior and exterior wall panels. Exterior wall panels, such as those made of prefabricated concrete, adopt a sandwich insulation system with an outer layer thickness of no less than 6 centimeters and edges sealed with Class A fire-resistant materials to prevent insulation layer detachment. Based on material and construction method, they are categorized into hybrid structural wall panels and prefabricated large-panel structural wall panels. The former is simple to construct but heavy and has poor earthquake resistance, while the latter has a high degree of industrialization but is costly. There are also new types of wall panels, such as prefabricated light steel frame-light steel skeleton light concrete wall panel structures, which offer good earthquake resistance. Gypsum wall panels, made from natural gypsum and other materials, are lightweight, strong, fire-resistant, and thermally insulating, making them environmentally friendly products.

Construction Process

Before construction, BIM technology is used for detailed design, and manufacturers are coordinated in advance for production and transportation route planning. Specific steps include surveying and setting out, verifying connecting reinforcement, correcting misaligned reinforcement, leveling with shims, mortar bedding and compartmentalization, and lifting prefabricated interior wall panels. During lifting, attention should be paid to details such as lifting height, speed, and hole alignment.

Advantages

In terms of energy conservation, the sandwich insulation system effectively saves energy and prevents insulation layer detachment. It saves formwork, with composite slabs serving as floor formwork and external cladding panels serving as formwork on one side of shear walls. It shortens the construction period by reducing on-site construction intensity through factory production, eliminating masonry and plastering processes. It improves quality by ensuring the thickness and spacing of steel reinforcement cover through factory production, with a high fire rating. Other advantages include the ability of gypsum wall panels used as interior partitions to reduce building self-weight and save steel and cement.

Development History

In China, it began in 1958, mainly applied in residential construction, and went through three stages, developing towards high-rise buildings by the late 1970s. In 1978, relevant provisional regulations were implemented, and the technology spread to many provinces and cities across the country. After 1985, it gradually withdrew from the market due to difficulties in meeting diverse housing layout requirements. In the 21st century, it has recovered due to production efficiency and environmental advantages.