Types of Mobile Toilets in Rural Areas of Hubei
The types of mobile toilets in rural areas of Hubei can be roughly divided into six categories: simple type, environmentally friendly type, water-flush type, non-water-flush type, cooling circulating water-flush type, and dry-packing type.
Simple-type mobile toilets have a simple structure, often constructed using color-coated steel plates or plastic materials. They have few internal facilities, equipped only with basic squat or sit toilets. Their advantages lie in their low cost and easy installation, making them suitable for temporary scenarios such as short-term construction sites and small events. They are commonly seen in short-term rural activities or construction sites.
Environmentally friendly mobile toilets employ advanced technologies such as water circulation systems or microbial decomposition techniques to achieve water conservation or natural fecal treatment. Some are also equipped with basic facilities like hand-washing basins and toilet paper, making them suitable for rural areas with high environmental protection requirements. Among them, foam-flush mobile toilets belong to the environmentally friendly type, using foam generated by mixing foaming liquid with air to replace a large amount of clean water for flushing. The foaming liquid is prepared by mixing surfactants, stabilizers, and water in proportion and generating dense foam through foaming equipment. This foam covers and seals the excreta, suppressing odor diffusion and reducing the risk of blockage. Moreover, technical variables can be adjusted according to the geographical characteristics of Hubei, such as adjusting the stabilizer ratio during the rainy season to extend the foam duration and adding antifreeze components and using insulation design in winter to prevent liquid freezing.
Water-flush mobile public toilets are equipped with flushing facilities. The water storage tank is usually placed at the top of the toilet, and a sewage tank is set at the bottom. When in use, water from the storage tank flushes the toilet, and the sewage flows into the bottom sewage tank. However, due to the small volume of the sewage tank, it needs to be cleaned promptly after a certain period of use; otherwise, it is prone to blockage.
Non-water-flush mobile public toilets lack water-flushing facilities. The bottom sewage tank directly receives feces, and no additional flushing is required after use. However, due to the limited volume of the sewage tank, the cleaning frequency is relatively high.
Cooling circulating water-flush mobile public toilets are equipped with intermittent aerobic and anaerobic fecal treatment equipment and added with biological strains. They utilize biofilm technology to accelerate fecal fermentation and dissolution. The treated feces are recycled through a filtration system for cleaning toilet fixtures, saving water resources and reducing the cleaning frequency, reflecting the concept of environmental protection.
Dry-packing mobile public toilets have no flushing facilities. Feces are collected by biodegradable plastic bags placed under the sanitary fixtures. Each time the toilet is used, the plastic bag is automatically replaced with a new one. After use, they are collected and transported to a treatment station for processing, eliminating the need for flushing entirely, saving water, and facilitating waste collection.
