How to Build Prefabricated Insulated Houses

The construction of prefabricated insulated houses requires a comprehensive approach involving exterior wall insulation, roof insulation, and window and door design, enhancing overall insulation performance through material selection, construction process optimization, and structural sealing.

Exterior Wall Insulation

The core of exterior wall insulation is to construct an insulation layer to reduce energy loss. Common methods include hanging-type exterior wall insulation and insulation board plastering exterior wall insulation: the former fixes insulation materials (such as polyurethane, extruded polystyrene board, and polystyrene board) to prefabricated exterior wall panels using anchors or adhesives; the latter forms a protective layer by plastering over the insulation board. A more efficient solution is to use prefabricated exterior wall insulation integrated panels, which combine the insulation layer, structural protective layer, and decorative surface layer into a single panel in the factory and are directly fixed to the building's main structure on-site using anchors or auxiliary adhesives, reducing construction errors and enhancing durability. Insulation materials should be selected for their low thermal conductivity and strong weather resistance, such as extruded polystyrene board, which combines high strength with low water absorption, and polyurethane, which achieves efficient insulation with its excellent closed-cell structure.

Roof Insulation

Roof insulation must balance insulation, waterproofing, and ventilation. The basic method is to install insulation boards beneath the roof (such as extruded polystyrene board or rock wool board), while avoiding water accumulation through structural sloping (slope ratio ≥ 3%) and drainage ditch design. For industrialized construction, prefabricated roof insulation integrated panels are recommended, consisting of a concrete panel, insulation layer, and support piers, which are modularly assembled to replace on-site wet construction, improving construction efficiency and quality. The construction process includes:

1. Detailed Design: Determine the roof's inclination angle, slope, and node construction (such as parapet walls and drainage ditches), with waterproofing membrane rolled up to 250mm above the finished surface at flashing points and additional layers applied;
2. Component Production: Use standardized molds to cast concrete panels, embed cut extruded polystyrene board, and cast support piers, then remove molds for curing after strength is achieved;
3. Transportation and Stacking: Deliver in batches according to design strength, with stacking layers ≤ 10;
4. On-site Construction: After inspecting the waterproofing layer, clean the base layer, check the integrated panel's certificate of conformity and dimensions, and ensure installation accuracy.

Window and Door Design

Windows and doors are key areas for heat loss and require material and sealing optimization to enhance insulation performance. Priority should be given to using broken-bridge aluminum alloy or plastic-steel window frames paired with Low-E insulated glass, which significantly reduces heat conduction due to its low thermal conductivity. Sealing treatment should involve using weather-resistant sealants to fill gaps between windows/doors and walls, preventing cold air infiltration. For larger houses, upgrading to double or multiple layers of glass can further block heat transfer through air layers. Additionally, sunshade curtains or blinds can assist in reducing solar radiation heat gain in summer, forming a multi-layer insulation system.