How to Build Prefabricated Houses Well
The construction of prefabricated houses should follow a scientific process, achieving efficient construction through standardized design, modular production, and precise assembly. The core steps include foundation treatment, module prefabrication, on-site assembly, and detailed acceptance.
1. Foundation Treatment: Ensuring Structural Stability
The foundation is the base of a prefabricated house and requires targeted treatment based on geological conditions. First, the site must be leveled, and obstacles such as weeds and stones should be cleared away. Then, a concrete垫层 (concrete cushion layer) is poured. For example, in a rural case in South Korea, an excavator is used to dig to the designed depth, and then the ground height is calibrated using measuring stakes to ensure errors are controlled within centimeters. After the concrete sets, a secondary calibration is required to avoid misalignment of module connections due to settlement. For soft soil foundations, pile foundations or replacement and reinforcement techniques are needed. For instance, some affordable housing projects in China use prestressed pipe piles to penetrate the soft soil layer and transfer the load to the deep bearing layer.
2. Modular Prefabrication: Industrial Production Ensures Quality
Building modules are prefabricated in factories, covering structures, pipelines, and decorative layers. Taking modular construction in China as an example, errors are controlled within millimeters through assembly-line production. Each module comes with 'ID card' information (project name, model, production date, etc.) for full lifecycle traceability. Module types include load-bearing wall panels, non-load-bearing partition walls, stairwells, and equipment rooms, with pre-embedded water and electricity pipelines to reduce on-site trenching operations. For example, the Shenzhen affordable housing project uses 6,028 concrete modules, achieving rapid assembly through standardized interface design and shortening the construction period by more than 60% compared to traditional methods.
3. On-site Assembly: Mechanized Operations Improve Efficiency
Tower cranes and other equipment are used to lift prefabricated modules to designated positions for three-dimensional assembly according to design drawings. Assembly methods include bolt connections, welding, and cast-in-place nodes, with the combination of mortise-tenon joints and nut fixation widely applied. For example, in a South Korean case, beams are connected using mortise-tenon joints, then secured with nuts and filled with foam glue, with cement used to seal and rust-proof the gaps. High-rise buildings require temporary support systems to ensure structural stability during assembly. The Shenzhen project reduces on-site labor by about 50% through modular assembly and significantly lowers noise and dust pollution.
4. Detailed Treatment and Acceptance: Ensuring Durability and Safety
After the main assembly is completed, procedures such as gap grouting, nut rust prevention treatment, and ground leveling are required. For example, in the South Korean case, rust-proof paint is applied at nut fixation points and covered with cement to prevent corrosion; the Chinese affordable housing project uses high-strength grouting material to fill module gaps, enhancing overall structural integrity. The acceptance process involves checking module perpendicularity, connection node strength, and the continuity of water and electricity pipelines to ensure compliance with design specifications. Prefabricated houses are suitable for low-rise residential buildings (3-5 story block buildings), high-rise affordable housing, and emergency buildings (such as Leishenshan Hospital). Their advantages of short construction periods, controllable quality, and energy efficiency and environmental protection have been widely verified.
