Fire Protection Design of Container Houses

The fire protection design of container houses requires comprehensive consideration from multiple aspects, including material selection, structural layout, electrical safety, and fire protection facility configuration. The specific design points are as follows:

1. Selection of Fire-Resistant Materials
The core fire protection measure for container houses lies in the selection of filling materials. Priority should be given to Class A fire-resistant materials, such as rock wool boards and fire-resistant cotton. These materials are non-combustible and have a high fire resistance limit, effectively preventing the spread of fire. Avoid using flammable materials like polystyrene and polyurethane foam, which will melt and drip at around 80℃, triggering secondary combustion and producing highly toxic combustion products that pose a serious threat to personnel safety.

2. Structural Layout and Fire Separation Distance
The layout of container houses should take into account fire separation distance. A minimum safety distance of 6 meters should be maintained between single houses to prevent the spread of fire to adjacent buildings through thermal radiation or flying sparks. If multiple layers are to be stacked for use, ensure structural stability and install fire separation layers to prevent the spread of fire through floors or walls. Additionally, houses should be kept away from areas where open flame operations such as electric welding and gas welding are carried out to reduce the threat of external fire sources.

3. Safety Design of Electrical Systems
Electrical wiring is a common cause of fires in container houses. Wires and cables should be equipped with protective sleeves to avoid direct passage through core materials and prevent fires caused by aging or short circuits in the wiring. Socket and switch boxes should be made of metal galvanized boxes and installed in an exposed manner for easy heat dissipation and maintenance. At the same time, the house should be equipped with overload protection devices to prevent fires caused by electrical overloads.

4. Configuration of Fire Protection Facilities
Container houses should be equipped with simple fire extinguishing equipment, such as dry powder fire extinguishers and carbon dioxide fire extinguishers. At least two 4kg dry powder fire extinguishers should be configured for every 100 square meters. Where conditions permit, automatic fire alarm systems such as smoke detectors and manual alarm buttons can be installed to achieve early fire warning. In addition, emergency lighting and evacuation signs should be installed at the exits of the house to ensure rapid evacuation of personnel in case of fire.

5. Use and Maintenance Management
During daily use, heat sources and fire sources should be kept away from container houses. If a kitchen needs to be set up inside the house, a fire-resistant and heat-insulating layer should be installed to prevent high temperatures from igniting the walls. Regularly inspect electrical wiring and fire protection facilities to ensure they are in good condition and effective. For houses that are out of use for a long time, the power supply should be cut off to avoid fires caused by wiring faults.