European Prefabricated Assembled Houses
European prefabricated assembled houses have a long history and mature technology, emphasizing the perfect combination of design, materials, craftsmanship, and construction, meeting the requirements of energy conservation, environmental protection, and circular economy.
Structural System
In Europe, the double-sided composite shear wall structural system is commonly used, formed by composite wall panels, composite floor slabs, composite beams, composite balconies, and other components, supplemented by necessary cast-in-place concrete. This system has significant advantages: The cast-in-place connection of upper and lower shear walls ensures that the internal and external wall panels and the core bear the load as a whole. The prefabricated parts replace some formwork, enabling fully automated production and improving production efficiency and quality stability. However, it also has certain drawbacks: Currently, its scope of application is limited and may not meet the needs of all building types and scenarios.
Development History
Germany and other developed European countries began promoting building industrialization in the 1920s. At that time, the acceleration of urbanization at the socio-economic level required the efficient and economical construction of a large number of buildings; the architectural aesthetic trend shifted from classical styles to minimalist aesthetics; and the rise of new building materials provided technical support, jointly driving the development of prefabricated assembled houses. For example, the war-disabled veterans' housing estate built in the Lichtenberg-Friedrichsfelde area of Berlin between 1926 and 1930 was an early representative of German prefabricated concrete panel buildings, using large-scale on-site prefabricated concrete multi-layer composite panel components with a maximum weight of 7 tons. After World War II, Germany used prefabricated concrete large-panel technology to rapidly build a large number of houses to alleviate the housing shortage. However, after 1990, this technology was gradually phased out of the market due to its high cost and difficulty in meeting modern aesthetic requirements. Today, concrete composite wall panel technology is widely used, and more attention is paid to selecting appropriate construction systems based on local conditions and project characteristics during construction.
Application Cases
Hello Wood is a company specializing in the design of resort development, forest cabins, and prefabricated houses. Its The Rock Cabins project, located in the Balaton Highlands of Hungary, consists of six polygonal cabins connected in series and surrounded by dense trees. Inspired by the shape of rocks, the designer chose gray-black strip wood for the facade. The irregular house shape is constructed with a wooden frame, and the house is divided into various cross-sections according to the design drawings, assembled after construction, with as many elements prefabricated as possible during the construction phase to reduce on-site construction work. Kabinka is also a prefabricated vacation house designed by Hello Wood, available in three sizes, designed and manufactured entirely in Hungary.
