Concrete Prefabricated House Prefabrication

Concrete prefabricated houses are a form of construction where building components are industrially produced and assembled on-site, with the construction process covering two main stages: factory prefabrication and on-site installation.

Factory Prefabrication Stage

1. Mold Making: Workers assemble metal steel plates into molds required for pouring prefabricated concrete components using bolt connectors. They then spray mold release agents on the mold surface to facilitate subsequent demolding.
2. Rebar Placement: Rebars are placed crosswise in the molds and tied into a mesh framework with steel wires. At the same time, connectors are placed inside the rebar mesh to provide structural support and connection functions for the components.
3. Concrete Pouring and Curing: Concrete is filled into the molds, and vibrators are used to remove air bubbles, ensuring the concrete is dense. After pouring, the surface is smoothed, covered with plastic greenhouses, and heating devices are installed to promote the cement hydration reaction and accelerate concrete solidification.

On-site Installation Stage

1. Foundation Treatment: A pit about 1 meter deep is dug at the home site location. After laying a moisture-proof PE film at the bottom of the pit, "discarded concrete" is poured into the pit as a base. After this layer of discarded concrete, which is more than 10 cm thick, has completely solidified, guide steel plates for positioning prefabricated concrete piles are installed. Large prefabricated concrete base plates rest on the guide steel plates, providing a stable foundation for the house.
2. Component Installation: Using cranes and other transportation and construction machinery, prefabricated concrete components (such as beams, slabs, walls, columns, etc.) produced in factories are combined and installed. Connection technologies are divided into wet connections (sleeves, grout anchors) and dry connections (pre-embedded connectors, prestressing), with prestressing technology enhancing seismic performance.

Technical Types and Characteristics

1. Technical Types: They cover prefabricated concrete structures and steel structures, with main types including panel prefabrication, box prefabrication, and frame prefabrication. Panel prefabrication uses prefabricated wall panels and floor slabs as core components; box prefabrication combines prefabricated functional units, increasing construction speed by 50%-70%; modular construction is a more integrated model.
2. Characteristics: High industrial production efficiency and high quality assurance rate; convenient construction with a significant reduction in on-site wet work; fast construction speed with minimal impact on surrounding life and work.

Development History and Applications

China's prefabricated concrete technology began in the 1950s and was initially applied to factory and residential construction. After the 21st century, it has seen a resurgence due to production efficiency and environmental advantages and has been widely applied in engineering projects. Chinese-made prefabricated houses are also popular overseas.