Construction of Concrete Prefabricated Houses

The construction of concrete prefabricated houses primarily involves prefabricating components in factories and assembling them on-site using cranes and other machinery. The core processes include foundation treatment, component production, and on-site assembly.

Foundation Treatment

The foundation is crucial for the stability of the house and must be treated according to the geological conditions. For example, in a rural case in South Korea, the site is first cleared of weeds and leveled. After excavating the foundation pit, a white plastic sheet is laid to prevent moisture loss from the concrete, promote hydration reactions, and thereby enhance the strength and durability of the concrete. Subsequently, a non-reinforced concrete cushion is poured to form a load-bearing layer. If the geological conditions are poor, deeper pits (e.g., about 1 meter deep) are excavated, and a moisture-proof PE film is laid at the bottom before filling with "discarded concrete" as the base. After solidification, guide steel plates are installed to position the prefabricated piles, ensuring foundation stability.

Prefabricated Component Production

Components are manufactured in factories through standardized processes:

1. Mold Assembly: Workers connect metal steel plates with bolts to form molds and spray release agents for easy demolding later.
2. Reinforcement Cage Construction: Steel bars are crossed and tied into a mesh cage, with connectors (such as bolt sleeves) embedded inside for on-site assembly.
3. Concrete Pouring and Curing: After filling with concrete, vibrators are used to remove air bubbles. The surface is smoothed, covered with a plastic greenhouse, and heated to accelerate the cement hydration reaction and shorten the curing cycle. Factory production allows for strict quality control and reduces on-site construction errors.

On-Site Assembly

After being transported to the construction site, the prefabricated components are assembled according to the design drawings:

1. Foundation Pile and Beam Installation: After the concrete cushion solidifies, foundation piles (e.g., prefabricated piles weighing about 5 tons) are fixed with anchor plates and expansion screws, and then beams are installed using cranes. After adjusting the position with level measurements, nuts are used for fixation, and foam sealant is used to fill gaps. The nut areas are sealed with cement to prevent water leakage.
2. Component Assembly: Wall panels, floor slabs, and other components are quickly assembled like building blocks using reserved connectors (such as bolts and sleeves) to form the shell of the house. For example, a two-story reinforced concrete house can be assembled on-site in about two weeks, significantly more efficient than traditional cast-in-place construction.

Decoration and Finishing

After the shell of the house is completed, interior and exterior wall decoration, installation of water and electricity pipelines, and doors and windows are carried out before final delivery. The entire process combines factory prefabrication with on-site mechanical installation, achieving the goals of short construction cycles, controllable quality, and strong environmental protection.