Combination Methods of Container Houses

The combination methods of container houses mainly include two categories: single-container use and multi-container combination, with specific forms as follows:

Single-Container Combination

The single container is the basic unit of container architecture, and its functionality can be expanded through internal layout optimization or external structural deformation.

• Modular Layout: Based on ergonomic principles, the interior of the container is divided into residential, office, or commercial functional modules. For example, the sleeping and working areas are divided along the length direction, and standardized and personalized integration is achieved through factory-prefabricated functional modules.
• Deformation Expansion: The container panels are folded downward to form a patio or upward to create an awning using hydraulic rods or hinge structures. For example, in an Australian project, a 40-foot container was divided into two parts and connected by a roof in the middle to form a composite space with an open patio.
• Telescopic Expansion: A sliding module is installed on one side of the container. During transportation, it is fixed inside the container and slides out upon arrival to expand the space. For example, an expandable container house has a combined size of 3×6×3 meters and expands to 5.5×6×3 meters, increasing the indoor area from 18 square meters to 33 square meters.

Multi-Container Combination

Multi-containers form complex architectural forms through horizontal splicing, vertical stacking, or offset enclosure, with a focus on structural force transmission and spatial continuity.

• Horizontal Splicing: Multiple containers are horizontally connected to form a large-span space, commonly used in conference rooms, exhibition halls, or B&B lobbies. For example, splicing two 20-foot containers can create a single-story layout with an integrated living and dining area, two bedrooms, and a bathroom.
• Vertical Stacking: Containers are stacked up to 6 layers through corner fittings for vertical force transmission, suitable for dormitories, hotels, and other scenarios. During design, it is necessary to ensure that the corner columns are aligned and locked vertically and control the cantilever length to avoid structural instability.
• Offset Enclosure: L-shaped, U-shaped, or cantilevered layouts are used to create rich spatial hierarchies, commonly seen in popular B&Bs and cafes. For example, a project creates a unique visual effect by arranging cantilevered containers and non-perforated containers in an offset manner while ensuring structural rigidity.
• Functional Mixing: Different types of containers, such as those for accommodation, office, and commercial use, are combined to achieve functional integration through circulation organization. For example, a bathroom-type container is arranged on the ground floor, with office and accommodation modules stacked on top, connected by stairs or corridors in the middle.

Key Points of Combination Design:

1. Structural Safety: Corner fittings are the only points for stacking force transmission. Welded weathering steel or Q345B steel must be used, and spot welding is prohibited as a substitute.
2. Fire Prevention and Corrosion Resistance: Prohibited materials such as EPS for enclosure filling should not be used. Grade A rock wool should be used in crowded places, with a fire resistance limit of no less than 0.5 hours.
3. Spatial Efficiency: The height of items placed should be controlled between 1-1.8 meters, and the vertical space utilization rate should not exceed 60% to avoid visual oppression.