Production Process of Civil Prefabricated Houses

The production process of civil prefabricated houses mainly consists of four stages: factory prefabrication, on-site assembly, connection and reinforcement, and foundation treatment, achieving efficient construction through modular design and automated production.

The factory prefabrication stage is a core part, where the building is disassembled into independent modules and manufactured in the factory. For example, components such as ceilings, walls, and bathroom waterproof layers are prefabricated on an assembly line, with some processes using highly automated equipment like welding manipulators for final assembly to ensure component accuracy. Structural components such as foundation piles and beams are also prefabricated in advance. For instance, each foundation pile weighing about 5 tons requires reserved lifting holes for subsequent installation. Modular design allows different components to be produced in parallel, significantly shortening the construction period.

The on-site assembly stage involves transporting the prefabricated modules to the construction site for assembly. Cranes lift stairs and lay floor slabs (such as 5-centimeter-thick prefabricated floor slabs). Beams and foundation piles are fixed using mortise-and-tenon joints or nuts. Some projects adopt a 'building block' assembly method, with each module carrying an 'ID card' containing the project name, model, and production date. The error is controlled within millimeters to ensure assembly accuracy.

Connection and reinforcement treatment are crucial for ensuring structural stability. Module gaps are filled with grout or expanding foam to secure supports and prevent leakage. Nut-fixed areas are sealed with cement to prevent rust and corrosion. Key parts can be cast with concrete on-site to enhance overall load-bearing capacity. These measures significantly extend the service life of the house.

Foundation treatment is an optional stage, depending on design requirements. If on-site construction is needed, the land must be leveled, a cushion layer poured, and plastic sheeting laid to prevent moisture loss from the concrete, promoting hydration reactions to enhance strength. However, most prefabricated houses use prefabricated foundation piles, which are directly installed using cranes without the need for on-site pouring of reinforced concrete, further simplifying the process.

This model, through parallel operations between the factory and the site, automated production lines, and modular design, can shorten the construction period by more than 60% compared to traditional buildings, reduce on-site labor by about 50%, and significantly lower noise and dust pollution, aligning with the trend of green building development.