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在同等情况下选用厚度较薄的保温材料\n\n由于箱体内部空间有限，因此在集装箱建筑保温设施改造中，需要依据项目建设当地的气候条件，通过节能保温计来测算在达到保温性能的前提下尽量选用厚度较薄的保温材料及构造措施，以充分节约室内空间，例如使用聚氨酯泡沫保温材科，填充集装箱箱体波纹金属板断面的四口内，充分利用空间;同时选用高热阻值的保温材料，如气凝胶保温板、真空绝热板(vip)等，可以显著减少保温材料对室内空间的占用。\n\n(2) 选用满足安全环保等需求的保温材料\n\n由于集装箱箱体本身带有的钢材持性，以及防火性能较差、隔音不佳等物理特性，所以在选用保温材科时，应该考成满足多样化性能需求的保温材料，如具有较好耐火性能、隔音性能的保温材料，同时选用增水性材料，以防止保温材料吸水导致箱体腐蚀。\n\n(3) 不同部位选择相应的保温构造措施\n\n在集装箱箱体的墙面、顶以及地板处，保温选用不同的构造连接措施。集装箱建筑在体的保温构造处理中，通常采用木龙骨的固定方式。\n\n首先在集装箱室内波纹型钢板的凹入部分塞入木龙骨，然后用金属当板靠紧木质龙骨，并将挡板焊接在箱体上卡紧固定木龙骨。\n\n随后依据保温材料的特性及厚度，将保温板及外部饰面板材固定在竖向龙骨上。\n\n最后封上饰面板材。采用木龙骨的方式能减少热桥的发生。此外还可以使用钢制龙骨作为保温材料及外饰面材料的固定方式。\n\n如“Z”形钢龙骨每隔610毫米设置一道，焊接在集装箱箱体钢结构上。钢箱体和饰面材料之间填充40毫米厚的岩棉。饰面板材近保温材料一侧使用9毫米厚的胶合板，近室内一侧为两层12.5毫米厚的防火板。整个保温材料和饰面板总厚度为75毫米。\n\n集装箱箱体顶棚一般使用龙骨吊挂饰面板材，在饰面板上部填充保温材料，上部灯具使用集成吊顶埋藏在顶表面内或者固定在饰面板下。如使用槽钢作为龙骨，每隔400毫米设置一道。在龙骨下部固定有9毫米厚胶合板，胶合板与顶棚之间为100毫米厚岩棉保温材料。\n\n![](https:\u002F\u002Fcaijing-img.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimport_1788801291389_uqju1ipg_ac4e947817_4a9ae82e8c.jpg)\n\n集装箱箱体地面一般使用木质胶合地板、实木地板，由于要承担室内家具、使用者活动所产生的荷载，因此下部支撑龙骨排布较顶棚与墙侧更密。如地板使用了28毫米厚胶合板地面，下部支撑钢结构龙骨每隔300毫米设置一道，地板与箱体金属结构板之间填充100毫米岩棉保温材料。同时在槽钢龙骨和胶合板地面板之间使用了隔热缓冲胶垫，不但减少了槽钢龙骨热桥效应，也减小了冲击噪音的产生。\n\n2. 箱体外部进行保温处理\n\n集装箱建筑外部进行保温隔热处理，适用于使用箱体作为建筑内部结构，外部使用其他饰面材料进行覆盖的整体式建筑。一般待集装箱整体装配完成之后再进行保温和外饰面施工。具体建造细节与常见钢结构建筑外保温材料的处理无异。在 Travelodge集装箱酒店的建造过程中便使用了箱体外部的保温处理，待集装箱转运、组装到位后再进行外部保温构造施工。\n\n二、集装箱建筑隔热改造措施\n\n![](https:\u002F\u002Fcaijing-img.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimport_1788418329485_5nf99l8s_24430c3caf_bb5986e0c0.jpg)\n\n由于集装箱的外表面为金属材料，因此在夏季或气候炎热地区阳隔热的需求十分明显。对于集装箱建筑屋面及外表面隔热的处理主要集中在屋面及墙面两个部分。\n\n1. 屋面隔热改造\n\n常见的集装箱建筑附加的屋面结构不是为了解決雨水问题，而是カ了起到逆阳通风隔热的目的。一般况下，附加遮阳结构依据结构支类型主要有四种形式:直接铺盖式、短柱支撑板式、蓬支式、以及外部独立结构式。\n\n2. 墙体遮改造\n\n(1)箱体附加遮阳构件\n\n在前文中所示，ART BOXXER公司在进行集装箱建筑的建造过程中，往往使用竹材饰面板作为外立面装饰，紧密固定在金属箱体外表面。这种做法在提升集装箱建筑的观感的同时也起到了对箱体金属表面的速阳作用。与此相同的处理方式也使用在同济大学设计的“Y＂型集装箱实验性住宅上，其外立面使用了密织的竹制饰面百叶，以减小太阳光的入射。\n\n2.隔热涂料\n\n由于集装箱箱体的金属波浪形表面本身就具有良好的符号特征，在设计时如果使用附加结构会不可避免的遮蔽掉集装箱建筑本身所特有的魅力。因此在集装箱外表面使用保温隔热涂料是达到保留集装箱外立面特征同又能实现良好物理性能的好选择。\n\n依据内测给出的“热顿”热反射涂料性能参数，200微米厚的该种涂料可以反射太阳红外的携带的热能的92.35％;与此同时，防水防霉的特点可以让墙壁更干操，防止霉菌的生成。依据笔者在万科建筑究中心实测数据，该材料在红外线灯的烘烤下，较之同种色彩的普通涂料表面温度低12-15摄氏度。在实际的工程项目中，可以依据情况酌情增加南向和屋面的涂抹厚度来调节隔热效果。\n\n三、集装箱建筑基础的设置措施\n\n由于集装箱的预制装配式特性，集装箱建筑的基础与其他类型建筑既相同也有所不同。相同的是，集装箱建筑的基础也是用于承载上部结构，传导竖向荷载、固定箱体、调整水平面起隔潮等作用。不同的是，集装箱建筑上部重量通常较常规凝土建筑轻得多，因在某种程度上有基础埋深浅、可临时性、可重复利用性的特点。影响基础结构设计的因素主要有以下几个，但括基地所在的客观条件、涵盖场地条件、基础土壤条件、建筑设计类型、气候因素以及当地市场偏好等方面，概况来说集装箱建筑主要有以下几种常见的基础类型:架空支柱基础、混凝土板式基础以及其他材料和类型的简易基础。\n\n1.空支柱基础\n\n架空支柱基础是一种非常节约的基础形式，可以有效隔绝地面潮湿环境，并节省制作时间，同时可以非常方便的进行场地找平，特别适合在无法进行场地平整的情况下使用。小型集装箱建筑通常使用柱状混凝土支柱，开挖后通过简状模板进行浇筑可以非常实惠并迎速建造出符合需求的基础。哥斯达黎加“竹屋”及斯坦科·保罗自宅便采用了圆柱形混凝土柱支撑上部箱体。在大型建筑中，往往使用大型钢结构或者混凝土支柱作为上部结构支撑。例如 MVRDV设计的阿姆斯特丹癌症研究中心便使用了大型钢结构柱并附带剪力撑的基础形式，将整个5层建筑完全坐落在湿地水面之上。\n\n![](https:\u002F\u002Fcaijing-img.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimport_1788417866541_q8cb7a21_6153b6ff06_f88e1015b6.jpg)\n\n2.混凝土板式基础\n\n混及土板式基础整体受力更加均匀，沉降较小。下部混凝土底板在制作时预先埋设好钢构件，待上部箱体吊装到位后再与金属预埋件进行焊接或者铆接，固定为一个整体。但是特别值得注意的是，假如混凝土板式基础面积较大，且集装箱底板与混凝土之间无法制作防水构造时，需要考虑下部混凝土板式基础的排水，以防止下部积水锈蚀箱体。在荷兰阿姆斯特丹的 Keetwonen学生宿舍的建造过程中，底层箱体两个端部固定在底板的金属锚固件上，箱体下部的混凝土板朝向内部进行了找坡，以方便迅速排除渗入箱体下部的积水，并为部分管线埋设在箱体下部空间提供了可能。\n\n其他基础形式包括钢筋混凝土墙基础、钢筋混凝土地下室基础、砌体结构条形基础，甚至采用轮胎、木材等非常见建筑材料制成的适应性建筑基础。\n\n![](https:\u002F\u002Fcaijing-img.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimport_1788400246304_6efdcfyl_134043f96e_1fc6eb4499.jpg)\n\n地址：上海市华隆路1777号\n\n网址：www.Our Company.com\n\n电话：021-60760737\n\n手机：13681880835\u002F17721310336\u002F13331815891\n\n邮箱：marketing@Our Company.com\n\n![](https:\u002F\u002Fcaijing-img.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com\u002Fimport_1788448989996_5y9ngcqf_b68f50c27f_afd7569d98.jpg)",false,{"id":210,"documentId":211,"name":212,"alternativeText":213,"caption":27,"focalPoint":27,"width":119,"height":119,"formats":214,"hash":233,"ext":122,"mime":125,"size":234,"url":235,"previewUrl":27,"provider":147,"provider_metadata":27,"createdAt":236,"updatedAt":236,"publishedAt":236},20395,"czxwctjf2vqd30869o9w44no","import_1788400245139_brvgdkyr_5d2f2bed23.jpg","Cold Facts: Are Container Buildings Expensive? 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