Rural Prefabricated House Model Design

The model designs of rural prefabricated houses exhibit diversity due to regional and technological differences. Common models include fully reinforced concrete structures, lightweight formwork structures, steel modular structures, and factory assembly-line prefabrication and assembly, with each scheme having distinct characteristics in terms of construction efficiency, cost, and applicability.

In rural areas of Henan, fully reinforced concrete prefabricated structures are adopted. Components are prefabricated in factories and then transported to the site for assembly. Its core advantage lies in extremely fast construction speed. Small houses can be hoisted and assembled in as little as 2 hours, while large villas can be completed in 4 hours. Moreover, the cost per square meter is only around 300 yuan, with a warranty period of up to 70 years. During construction, the prefabricated frames are assembled layer by layer using cranes, similar to 'building with blocks', making it suitable for rural areas in plain regions that are sensitive to construction schedules and costs.

Practices around Yangcheng Lake in Suzhou place greater emphasis on technological innovation:

• Yanggoulou Village adopts the 'lightweight building formwork structure technology'. Components are integrated with steel bars, insulation layers, and formwork in factories using automated equipment to form steel bar trusses, which are then assembled on site. This process changes the steel bar fixing method from traditional binding to welding, enhancing structural stability. Additionally, the weight of the components is only one-tenth of that of concrete prefabricated parts. The entire concrete pouring is completed in one go, with a construction period of about 2 months, making it suitable for water towns with high requirements for building lightweightness.
• Qingshui Village, designed by Broad Homes, has walls, beams, columns, and other components prefabricated in factories and then hoisted on site. After gluing and painting processes, a simple decoration is completed, with a construction period of less than 1 month, demonstrating the efficiency advantages of industrialized production.
• Xinjing Village adopts fully modular steel prefabrication, using container-style 'small houses' as units. These are transported by trucks and connected with bolts, allowing for the completion of building construction in a single day. Moreover, there is no need for internal and external scaffolding, and wet operations are minimal, with excellent sound insulation performance, making it suitable for scenarios with complex geological conditions or requiring rapid delivery.

Since the pilot implementation of prefabricated rural houses in rural areas of Hebei in 2022, large-scale application has been achieved. The model involves prefabricating large components such as columns, beams, and wall panels on factory assembly lines, transporting them to homesteads, and then assembling and fixing them with concrete pouring for connection. By the end of 2025, a cumulative total of 20,000 rural households in the province have chosen to build such houses, with 45 counties (cities, districts) achieving full township coverage, indicating the wide adaptability of this model in rural areas of northern China, especially suitable for centralized residential areas requiring standardized construction.