Prefabricated House Production Process
The production process of prefabricated houses mainly includes six core steps: modular production, steel bar and concrete treatment, lightweight and functional design, curing and cutting, on-site assembly, and quality control.
Modular production is the fundamental step in prefabricated house construction. The building is broken down into independent modules, such as ceilings, walls, and bathroom waterproof layers, all of which are prefabricated on factory assembly lines. This standardized production model can significantly shorten the construction period while reducing on-site construction errors. For example, a public housing project simplified a 70-square-meter unit into two and a half modules through modular design, significantly improving construction efficiency.
Steel bar and concrete treatment is crucial for ensuring structural strength. In the production of prefabricated slabs, a hollow mold is first made, and steel bars are arranged inside before pouring cement. After drying, the mold is removed to form the component. Some processes use the “pre-tensioning method”: steel bars are tensioned to the designed strength before pouring concrete, and the prestress generated by the retraction of the steel bars compresses the concrete, thereby enhancing the tensile strength of the component.
Lightweight and functional design achieves multiple goals through material optimization. Embedding foam boards in prefabricated slabs can reduce self-weight and improve sound insulation; hollow structures reserve space for the installation of cables and sewage pipes, avoiding the need for later excavation that could damage the structure. This design balances building performance with construction convenience.
The curing and cutting process directly affects the quality of the components. Concrete hardening is achieved through high-temperature steam curing or natural curing, with the former shortening the curing period to a few hours and the latter taking several days. After hardening, the components are precisely cut using CNC electric saws to ensure dimensional errors are controlled within millimeters, providing a basis for subsequent assembly.
On-site assembly is a core advantage of prefabricated houses. After being transported to the construction site, the prefabricated modules are quickly assembled using methods such as bolt connections, welding, or wet construction, completing the main structure like “building blocks”. One project utilized 6,028 concrete modules to complete the construction of public housing in a short period, demonstrating the efficiency of industrialized construction.
Quality control runs through the entire process. Each module comes with an “ID card” that records information such as the project name, product model, and production date, enabling traceable management. The positioning accuracy of steel bars is controlled in millimeters, and parameters such as concrete strength and component dimensions must pass strict inspections to ensure building safety and durability.
