Prefabricated House Process

The prefabricated house process typically includes five core steps: foundation treatment, installation of foundation piles and beams, modular production and transportation, on-site assembly, and post-treatment.

Foundation treatment is the fundamental step in the construction of a prefabricated house. First, the foundation needs to be leveled to ensure that the ground flatness meets the requirements, followed by pouring a cushion. For example, in a rural case in South Korea, construction workers first excavate foundation pits and lay white plastic sheets at the bottom of the pits. The purpose is to prevent water loss during subsequent concrete pouring and ensure the strength of the concrete. Then, concrete pouring is carried out.

In the step of installing foundation piles and beams, after the concrete solidifies and reaches a certain strength, sole plates are installed. Heavy-duty foundation piles that have been prefabricated are lifted using cranes. Each of these foundation piles can weigh about 5 tons. They are lifted and precisely fixed through the pre-reserved holes on the foundation piles. Subsequently, beam splicing is carried out. The beams are firmly fixed to the foundation piles using nuts. After splicing is completed, expanding foam is filled to seal the gaps, preventing rainwater, air, etc., from entering and affecting the structural stability.

Modular production and transportation are completed in the factory. The entire building is disassembled into independent modules, such as ceilings, walls, and water and electricity pipelines, and prefabricated through an assembly line. Taking the China State Construction Hailong Industrial Park in Shenzhen, Guangdong, as an example, parallel operations and automated production lines are adopted, enabling the delivery of 20,000 to 30,000 modules per year and greatly improving production efficiency. Before the prefabricated modules are transported to the construction site, protective measures need to be taken to prevent damage during transportation.

On-site assembly is a crucial step. The prefabricated modules transported to the construction site are quickly assembled using equipment such as tower cranes, similar to building with building blocks. Each module is attached with detailed labels, including information such as the project name, model, and production date, facilitating identification and installation by construction workers. During splicing, the error must be strictly controlled within millimeters to ensure the stability and safety of the overall structure of the house.

Post-treatment includes backfilling soil to reinforce the foundation, grouting the gaps between components to complete structural connections and sealing. Some projects also carry out on-site cast-in-place connections to further enhance the integrity of the house. By combining standardized factory production with efficient on-site assembly, prefabricated houses can shorten the construction period by more than 60% while reducing noise, dust, and other pollution.