Prefabricated House Design Tutorial
The design of prefabricated houses should adhere to regulatory standards, with systematic planning from design preparation to construction and disassembly to ensure structural safety and construction convenience.
Design Preparation Phase: Strictly follow standards such as the 'Code for Design of Concrete Structures' (GB 50010) and the 'Code for Design of Steel Structures' (GB 50017) to ensure design compliance. Load calculations should cover dead loads (e.g., structural self-weight, surface layer weight), live loads (e.g., human activity, equipment loads), construction loads (e.g., formwork support, material stacking), and dynamic loads (e.g., equipment vibration, wind loads). For material selection, steel trusses should preferably use HRB400 or HRB500 grade steel bars, with concrete strength grades not lower than C30 and thickness controlled between 80-150mm. Connectors should be detachable bolts, pins, or snap-fit connectors, and undergo hot-dip galvanizing for corrosion protection.
Structural Composition Design: Steel trusses serve as the core load-bearing components, formed by welding or mechanical connection of upper and lower chords with web members into triangular or trapezoidal trusses, bearing vertical and horizontal loads. The formwork system uses detachable steel or composite formwork to support concrete pouring and transfer loads to the trusses. Connection nodes should be standardized for quick installation and disassembly, while ensuring overall stiffness through stiffening plates or welding reinforcement.
Design Considerations: Truss design should consider span, load, web member arrangement, and node strength, with spans typically ranging from 3-6 meters and cross-sectional dimensions determined by load. Floor design should meet bidirectional load requirements, with reasonable reinforcement configuration and concrete thickness control. Connection design should prioritize bolt or pin connections, with corrosion protection for connectors and construction verification to ensure connection reliability.
Calculation and Analysis: Perform static analysis to calculate truss bending moments, shear forces, and axial forces, verifying member strength and stability. Floor deflection limits should be set at L/250 (L being the span), with truss deflection limits at L/400. Complex nodes should be optimized using finite element software to avoid stress concentrations.
Construction and Disassembly: During construction, stabilize the trusses first, then lay the formwork, and finally pour the concrete, ensuring parameters meet design requirements. Disassembly should wait until the concrete reaches the predetermined strength, then gradually remove the formwork and trusses in reverse construction order to avoid component damage.
