Prefabricated House Construction Technology

Prefabricated house construction technology mainly includes modular construction technology, prefabricated assembly construction technology, and specific construction processes for different types of houses.

Modular Construction Technology: The entire building is disassembled into multiple independent modules, and module manufacturing is completed in the factory, including ceilings, walls, bathroom waterproof layers, etc. Some scattered components are produced separately and then assembled on the final assembly platform. Taking the China Construction Hailong Intelligent Construction Industrial Park in Shenzhen, Guangdong, as an example, it can deliver 20,000 to 30,000 modules annually. This construction method changes the traditional building construction process, with more than 70% of the processes completed in the factory, reducing the construction period by more than 60%. At the same time, it can effectively alleviate traffic pressure at the construction site, reduce site occupation, and lower environmental pollution. Building waste emissions can be reduced by more than 75%, material losses by more than 25%, on-site electricity consumption by more than 60%, and water consumption by more than 66%. The factory assembly line achieves millimeter-level precision control,全面提升 the building's waterproofing, sound insulation, and seismic performance. Modules can be disassembled and stacked for flexible expansion, with a recycling rate exceeding 90%.

Prefabricated Assembly Construction Technology: Building components are industrially produced and assembled on-site. The main types include panel assembly, box assembly, and frame assembly, covering prefabricated concrete structures and steel structures. Components include prefabricated products such as beams, slabs, walls, and columns. Panel assembly buildings use prefabricated wall panels and floor slabs as core components, which can expand the usable area but have limited design flexibility. Box assembly combines prefabricated functional units, increasing construction speed by 50%-70%, but requiring higher transportation and lifting equipment.

Examples of Specific Construction Processes: When constructing a rural self-built house, the first step is to level the foundation and pour the cushion layer, clear weeds and level the foundation, excavate the foundation pit and measure for accuracy, lay white plastic sheeting, and then pour concrete. The second step is to install foundation piles and assemble beams. After the concrete sets, install the foundation plates, use a mobile crane to install the foundation piles, assemble the beams like building blocks, measure and adjust horizontally, then secure with nuts, fill gaps with foam, and seal the nut fixation points with cement. The third step is to backfill soil and pour the foundation, completing the foundation frame structure and then backfilling soil. In terms of concrete house module production, at the China Construction Hailong Intelligent Construction Industrial Park, a four-story, 50-meter-high vertical factory produces concrete house modules, with structures, electromechanical systems, interiors, and exteriors integrated in the factory.