Prefabricated House Construction

Prefabricated house construction is a building method that involves the industrial production of building components and their on-site assembly, characterized by efficiency and standardization. The following provides an introduction from two aspects: construction process and main types.

Construction Process

1. Component Production: Taking prefabricated concrete houses as an example, workers first assemble metal steel plates into molds using bolt connectors. After applying a release agent, they cross-place steel bars inside the mold and bind them into a mesh framework with steel wire, while symmetrically installing connectors. Subsequently, concrete is poured in, and a vibrator is used to eliminate air bubbles. After the surface is smoothed, a plastic shed is covered and heated to promote the cement hydration reaction, ensuring the component meets the required strength.
2. Foundation Construction: Similar to ordinary houses, a pit about 1 meter deep needs to be dug on the homestead. A moisture-proof PE film is laid at the bottom, and waste concrete is poured as a base (with a thickness exceeding 10 cm). After it solidifies, guide steel plates are installed to position the prefabricated concrete piles, and finally, a large prefabricated base plate is fixed to the guide steel plates.
3. On-site Assembly: After the prefabricated components are completed in the factory, they are transported to the construction site and connected through bolts, welding, or embedded parts to form the main structure of the house. This process does not require on-site wet work, significantly shortening the construction period.

Main Types

1. Panel Assembly Type: Using prefabricated wall panels and floor slabs as core components, rapid assembly is achieved through standardized design. Its advantages lie in reducing on-site construction errors and expanding indoor usable area, but it has lower design flexibility and is suitable for residential or public buildings with clear functional requirements.
2. Box Assembly Type: Functional units such as bathrooms and kitchens are prefabricated into independent 'boxes' and directly spliced on-site. The construction speed is 50%-70% faster than traditional methods, but it requires large-scale transportation and lifting equipment, with higher costs, and is mostly used for temporary buildings or emergency housing.
3. Mobile Houses: Adopting a modular design, the house is divided into independent modules, and integrated prefabrication of architecture, structure, electromechanical systems, and decoration is completed in the factory. After on-site assembly, it can be put into use immediately. Such houses can be disassembled and reused, suitable for scenarios such as construction site dormitories and post-disaster reconstruction.

Prefabricated houses improve construction efficiency and quality through industrial production, but it is necessary to select the appropriate type according to project requirements and coordinate the costs and technical requirements of transportation, installation, and other links.