Prefabricated Concrete House Construction

Prefabricated concrete house construction is a building method that involves industrial production of building components and on-site assembly. The construction process is divided into two stages: factory prefabrication and on-site assembly, offering advantages such as short construction periods, controllable quality, and environmental protection and energy conservation.

Factory Prefabrication Stage

1. Component Production: Concrete components such as beams, slabs, walls, and columns are prefabricated in factories. Workers assemble molds using bolt connectors, place steel reinforcement meshes inside the molds, tie them, install connectors, pour concrete, and use vibrators to remove air bubbles, ensuring dense components.
2. Quality Assurance: Component precision is controlled through standardized molds, steel reinforcement positioning (with errors controlled in millimeters), and automated production lines. For example, the China Construction HaiLong Intelligent Construction Industrial Park uses welding robots and highly automated methods to complete final assembly, delivering 20,000 to 30,000 modules annually, significantly improving production efficiency.
3. Curing and Storage: After pouring, the component surfaces are smoothed and covered with plastic sheds. Heating devices are installed inside to promote cement hydration reactions, ensuring component quality. Curing conditions are strictly controlled to prevent cracking or insufficient strength.

On-Site Assembly Stage

1. Foundation Treatment: A pit approximately 1 meter deep is excavated at the house site. A moisture-proof PE film is laid at the bottom, and waste concrete is poured as a base. After solidification, guide steel plates are installed to position prefabricated concrete piles, ensuring foundation stability.
2. Component Transportation and Hoisting: Prefabricated components from the factory are transported to the construction site and hoisted using equipment such as cranes. For example, a public housing project in Shanghai was assembled from 6,028 concrete modules, transported and installed using tower cranes, achieving efficient construction.
3. Connection and Fixing: Components are assembled using wet or dry connection techniques such as steel bar sleeve grouting and prestressed connections (e.g., embedded connectors). Prestressed technology enhances seismic performance, while wet connection methods like sleeves and grout anchors ensure structural stability.
4. Decoration and Finishing: After component assembly, on-site decoration and finishing work are carried out, such as wall treatment and door and window installation, to form a complete building.

Technical Advantages

Prefabricated concrete house construction offers advantages such as shortened construction periods, controllable quality, environmental protection and energy conservation, and cost optimization, making it widely applicable in residential construction, public housing projects, and overseas engineering.