How to Construct Prefabricated Buildings

The construction of prefabricated buildings (houses) primarily adopts modular or prefabricated construction methods, achieving efficient construction through a combination of factory prefabrication and on-site assembly, with the following specific steps:

1. Factory-Prefabricated Modules: Standardized Production of Core Components
Buildings are disassembled into independent modules (such as ceilings, walls, floors, plumbing and electrical lines, etc.), which are manufactured on factory assembly lines. For example, ceilings, wall surfaces, and bathroom waterproof layers are assembled using highly automated equipment, with some projects employing welding robots to enhance precision. Prefabricated panels are made by placing steel bars in hollow molds and pouring concrete, reducing weight and cost. Each module comes with an 'ID card' (containing project name, model, production date, etc.), with steel bar positioning errors controlled in millimeters to ensure component accuracy. Factory production allows for simultaneous manufacturing of multiple modules, with some projects using a 'parallel operation' model to connect with on-site construction, further shortening the construction period.

2. On-Site Assembly Construction: Modular Assembly and Structural Fixation
After being transported to the construction site, prefabricated modules are lifted and assembled using equipment such as cranes. For example, foundation piles use 5-ton modules fixed with base plates; beams are connected using mortise-and-tenon joints or nuts, with gaps filled with foam and grouted; stairs and floors are installed layer by layer to form a complete structure. Some projects cover concrete with white plastic sheets during assembly to prevent moisture loss and enhance foundation strength. On-site construction, synchronized with factory production, significantly reduces on-site labor (e.g., labor reduced by about 50% in a Shenzhen affordable housing project), while also reducing noise and dust pollution.

3. Quality and Precision Control: Full-Process Traceability and Error Management
During factory production, component dimensions are controlled using high-precision molds and automated equipment, with steel bar positioning errors strictly limited to the millimeter level. During on-site assembly, gap treatment between modules (such as foam filling and grouting) and structural fixation (such as nut tightening) must comply with standards. Additionally, the 'ID card' information of modules supports full-process traceability, facilitating quality control and post-maintenance.

4. Application Scenarios and Advantages: Multi-Field Applicability and Comprehensive Benefit Enhancement
Prefabricated buildings have been widely applied in residential, affordable housing, shopping mall, and other scenarios. Taking a Shenzhen affordable housing project as an example, the assembly of 6,028 concrete modules shortened the construction period from 2.5-3 years to 1 year, while achieving energy conservation and environmental protection (reducing construction waste and energy consumption) and quality control (standardized production reducing human errors). This technology requires a high level of industrial foundation and technical system, but through modular design, factory production, and assembly construction, it significantly improves construction efficiency and resource utilization.