Principle of Microbial Mobile Toilets
The principle of microbial mobile toilets is based on microbial degradation technology, which achieves harmless treatment and resource utilization of excreta through the decomposition of specific microbial communities. The core processes include solid-liquid separation, microbial degradation, and resource recycling.
Solid-Liquid Separation and Classification Treatment
Microbial mobile toilets first classify excreta for treatment. Solid excreta enters the fermentation tank through an automatically opening toilet bowl, where it mixes with initial filler materials (such as sawdust) and biological strains to create an environment suitable for microbial degradation. Liquid excreta (urine) flows into the urine collection tank and is pumped to an aeration tank for preliminary deodorization and decomposition. This classification treatment method avoids reduced degradation efficiency caused by solid-liquid mixing and lays the foundation for subsequent targeted treatment.
Microbial Degradation Process
- Solid Treatment: The fermentation tank is equipped with a screw propeller that continuously stirs the mixture to promote uniform degradation. Under the regulation of a temperature control device (usually maintaining a temperature suitable for microbial activity), microorganisms decompose feces into carbon dioxide, water vapor, and a small amount of ammonia, with a decomposition rate of over 99%. The remaining approximately 5% of solids are converted into non-toxic organic fertilizer, which can be directly used for soil improvement or greening.
- Liquid Treatment: Urine is decomposed into water and carbon dioxide by microbial phagocytosis in the aeration tank; sewage flows into an evaporation reaction tank, where it undergoes further decomposition into water through high-temperature activated carbon adsorption and secondary microbial treatment; finally, it is stored after passing through a decolorization tank (activated carbon) to remove pigments for recycling in toilet flushing. This process achieves thorough purification of urine and avoids the sewage discharge problems of traditional toilets.
Resource Recycling and Environmental Protection Characteristics
The treated water can be reused for toilet flushing or greening, forming a closed-loop water resource cycle that significantly reduces water consumption, especially suitable for water-scarce areas. Feces and urine are converted into organic and liquid fertilizers, respectively, achieving resource utilization and reducing dependence on chemical fertilizers. In addition, microorganisms inhibit and kill pathogenic microorganisms during the degradation process, ensuring a odorless and harmless treatment process and avoiding secondary pollution.
Technical Adaptability
Microbial mobile toilets require the collection of adapted microbial strains according to the local environment to optimize degradation effects, and the cultivation and release of strains must strictly follow standards. Their technical characteristics make them suitable for cold and water-scarce areas and scenarios with strict pollutant discharge requirements (such as scenic spots and temporary event venues). They not only solve the water consumption problem of traditional toilets but also meet environmental protection needs. Some models also integrate intelligent systems that automatically sense personnel, trigger lighting/ventilation, and have temperature and humidity monitoring and air purification functions through microcomputer control, enhancing convenience and comfort of use.
