How to Assemble Prefabricated Concrete Houses

The assembly of prefabricated concrete houses is mainly achieved by transporting factory-prefabricated components to the site and using lifting equipment for assembly and fixation, a process similar to 'building with blocks'.

1. Component Prefabrication and Transportation

The foundation of assembling prefabricated concrete houses lies in factory production. The house is divided into standardized components such as wall panels, floor slabs, stairs, balconies, beams, and columns. Molds are designed through precise calculations, and concrete is poured and formed in the factory. During component production, bolts, connectors, or reserved holes are embedded to provide positioning and fixation bases for subsequent assembly. After production, components need to be cured to reach the designed strength and then transported to the construction site using specialized vehicles. During transportation, fixing measures should be taken according to the shape and size of the components to avoid damage.

2. On-Site Assembly Process

1. Foundation Construction
   Before assembly, foundation construction for the house must be completed to ensure that the foundation is level and meets the designed elevation. The foundation usually reserves connecting rebar or embedded parts for anchoring with the prefabricated components.

2. Component Lifting and Positioning
   Use a crane to lift each prefabricated component one by one and position them according to the design drawings. For example, when installing the bottom-floor wall panels, adjust the verticality and flatness using a level and laser positioning instrument to ensure that the error is within the allowable range (usually ≤3mm).

3. Connection and Fixation

   • Mechanical Connection: Utilize embedded bolts, sleeves, or rebar butt joints to achieve rigid connections through nut tightening or grout filling. For example, beam-column joints may adopt rebar sleeve grout connections to ensure structural integrity.
   • Welding Connection: Some metal embedded parts need to be reinforced through welding, but welding quality must be controlled to avoid concrete cracking in the heat-affected zone.
   • Mortar Sealing: Apply specialized mortar or sealant at the joints between wall panels and floor slabs to fill gaps and provide waterproofing.

4. Joint Treatment
   After assembly, critical joints need to be reinforced. For example, add anti-crack rebar mesh at the junction of wall panels and floor slabs or apply waterproofing membranes at exterior wall joints to enhance structural durability.

3. Efficiency and Advantages

Taking Henan Province as an example, the lifting and assembly of a prefabricated concrete house take only 4 hours, significantly shortening the construction period. Factory production reduces on-site wet work, lowering dust and noise pollution. Meanwhile, components have high precision (dimensional deviation ≤2mm), and the assembled house has integrity close to that of cast-in-place structures, meeting seismic and load-bearing requirements.