What is the Translation of Prefabricated Concrete Houses in English

Prefabricated concrete houses, also known as prefabricated assembled buildings, refer to a form of construction where building components are industrially produced and assembled on-site. The following outlines its technical system, construction characteristics, and development history:

Technical System and Component Types

The core technology of prefabricated concrete houses encompasses prefabricated concrete structures and steel structures, with components including prefabricated products such as beams, slabs, walls, and columns. Prefabricated concrete components are divided into two categories: on-site prefabrication and factory prefabrication. Among them, factory prefabrication achieves mass production of components through standardized molds and automated production lines, ensuring dimensional accuracy and quality stability. Component connections employ technologies such as steel bar sleeve grouting and prestressed tensioning to form a reliable load-bearing system, suitable for various building forms such as frame structures and shear wall structures.

Construction Methods and Advantages

The construction process is divided into two stages: factory prefabrication and on-site installation:

1. Factory Prefabrication: Rebar binding, concrete pouring, curing, and embedded part installation of components are completed in the workshop. Industrial production shortens the on-site construction cycle.
2. On-site Installation: Prefabricated components are lifted to designated positions using cranes and other equipment, and structural assembly is achieved through methods such as bolt connections and grouting sleeves, reducing the amount of on-site wet work.
   Core advantages include:

• Shortened Construction Period: Parallel factory production and on-site installation can reduce the total construction period by 30%-50%.
• Cost Reduction: Reduces the use of formwork, labor input, and construction waste disposal costs.
• Environmental Benefits: Significantly reduces dust and noise pollution, meeting green building standards.
• Quality Control: Component production is less affected by the environment, with a defect rate lower than that of traditional cast-in-place processes.

Main Types and Applicable Scenarios

1. Panel Prefabrication: Uses prefabricated wall panels and floor slabs as core components, forming a load-bearing system through superposition and installation. It offers high space utilization but has limited design flexibility, mostly used in standardized residential construction.
2. Box Prefabrication: Prefabricates functional units such as bathrooms and kitchens into integral 'boxes', which are then spliced on-site and connected with pipelines. Construction speed increases by 50%-70%, but it requires higher road width for transportation and lifting capacity of lifting equipment, suitable for projects with strong modular demands such as hospitals and hotels.
3. Frame Prefabrication: Uses prefabricated columns and beams to form a frame structure, with floor slabs adopting laminated slabs or hollow slabs. It has strong structural integrity and excellent seismic performance, commonly used in multi-story public buildings.

Development History and Application Status

Prefabricated concrete technology in China began in the 1950s and was initially applied to industrial plants and residential construction. It gradually declined due to limited design flexibility. After the 21st century, with rising labor costs and tightening environmental policies, companies like Vanke Group developed a prefabricated shear wall residential structural system and promoted prefabricated frame technology in Beijing, Shanghai, and other places. Currently, the proportion of prefabricated assembled buildings in newly constructed buildings is increasing year by year, becoming an important direction for the transformation and upgrading of the construction industry.