Technical Requirements for Prefabricated Houses

The technical requirements for prefabricated houses cover multiple aspects such as structural systems, materials, design, and construction, as detailed below:

Structural Systems

There are various structural systems to choose from, including prefabricated concrete shear wall structural systems, EPS module cast-in-place concrete structural systems, and lightweight steel frame structural systems. Each structural system has detailed design and construction specifications to ensure the structural safety and stability of the houses. For example, during the design phase, precise mechanical calculations and structural analyses are conducted based on different structural systems; during the construction phase, components are installed and connected strictly in accordance with the specifications to ensure the integrity of the structure.

Materials

The principle of adapting to local conditions and using locally available materials should be followed, with priority given to green and economical building materials or recyclable building materials. Under the premise of ensuring the quality of the houses, priority should be given to using local building materials, which can not only reduce transportation costs but also minimize environmental impact. At the same time, the use of high-energy-consuming and excessively polluting materials is prohibited to achieve sustainable building development.

Design

• Respecting Needs and Regional Characteristics: The housing needs of farmers should be respected, and the architectural style should reflect regional characteristics. Different regions, such as central Shandong, northwest Shandong, southwest Shandong, and Jiaodong, each have their unique regional characteristics, which should be reflected in the design.
• Considering Aging-Friendly Design and Layout: Appropriate consideration should be given to aging-friendly design, and barrier-free ramps should be provided at entrances. The floor plan and facade design should facilitate winter sunshine and summer ventilation, and a north-south orientation is preferable. The shape should be simple and regular, with a regular floor plan layout and vertically aligned load-bearing components.
• Functional Spaces and Separation of Dynamic and Static Areas: Functional spaces should include bedrooms, dining rooms, storage spaces, courtyard spaces, etc., and the living space should be divided to achieve separation of dynamic and static areas. For modular buildings, the design must be more meticulous, with the position of each steel bar precisely located and errors and precision controlled in millimeters.

Construction

• Professional Construction and Organizational Design: Prefabricated rural houses should be constructed by professional construction teams or trained rural individual builders with housing construction capabilities, and a construction organizational design and construction plan should be formulated. The construction organizational design should be planned as a whole in accordance with the principles of integrated design, production, and assembly, coordinating with professional requirements such as architecture, structure, and decoration.
• Advantages of Modular Construction: Modular buildings complete most of the construction processes in the factory and are connected by cast-in-place methods on-site, significantly reducing noise, dust, construction waste, and traffic congestion at the construction site, which are nuisance factors. The construction plan should include component installation and joint construction plans, quality management for component installation, and safety measures.