Installation of Prefabricated Beams in Steel Structure Houses

The installation of prefabricated beams in steel structure houses should follow standardized procedures, covering key aspects such as foundation treatment, component installation, joint treatment, and precautions.

I. Foundation Treatment and Embedment Prefabricated light steel houses have strict requirements for foundation flatness, typically using strip foundations or independent foundations. Before construction, anchor bolts should be precisely embedded according to the design drawings, with positional deviations controlled within ±2 millimeters to ensure the accuracy of subsequent component installation. Foundation treatment is the cornerstone of the entire installation process, directly affecting the stability of the structure.

II. Component Installation

1. Light Steel Wall Installation: Wall modules are prefabricated in the factory and transported to the site. They are erected using a small crane or forklift and slowly lowered onto the anchor bolts. The installation sequence follows the principle of 'corners first, then sides, and symmetrical force application'. Each erected wall should be immediately temporarily fixed with diagonal braces to prevent overturning.
2. Roof Truss Installation: Roof trusses are usually prefabricated as triangular trusses and directly hoisted into place on-site. It is recommended to start from the gable end and proceed sequentially to the other end. After installing every two roof trusses, purlins and roofing steel plates should be immediately laid to form a stable spatial force system and avoid structural instability.
3. Steel Beam Installation:
   • Preliminary Preparation: Check the dimensions, material, and surface treatment of the steel beams to ensure they meet the design standards.
   • On-site Hoisting: Use professional equipment to lift the steel beams to the predetermined position. The operators should be experienced to avoid hoisting deviations or damage.
   • Positioning and Adjustment: Repeatedly check the position with measuring tools to ensure precise alignment between the steel beams and the supporting structures.
   • Final Fixation: Fix the steel beams using welding or bolt connections to form a stable overall structure.

III. Corrosion Protection and Sealing Treatment of Connection Joints

1. Bolt Connections: After tightening, apply a special zinc repair paint to prevent rusting caused by damage to the zinc coating during drilling.
2. Exterior Wall Joints: The joints between exterior wall panels and the foundation, as well as around door and window openings, should be treated in layers with waterproof breathable membranes and sealing tapes. Additionally, install window sill flashing plates to prevent rainwater from infiltrating the insulation layer and affecting its thermal performance.

IV. Precautions

1. Project Schedule Coordination: Modular installation relies on a reasonable sequence. For example, the main structure of a 100-square-meter single-story light steel house can be hoisted within 5 to 7 days, but the pre-embedded drawings for water and electricity pipelines must be confirmed in advance.
2. Structural Safety: According to the 'Technical Specification for Low-rise Cold-formed Thin-walled Steel Building Construction' (JGJ 227-2011), the design must meet seismic, wind, and fire resistance requirements. If heavy objects (such as large wall-mounted boilers) need to be hung on the walls, communicate with the designer in advance to add reinforcing studs at the corresponding positions to avoid damaging the structure by drilling expansion bolts afterward.