Installation of Mobile Environmental Toilets in Qinghai
The installation of mobile environmental toilets in Qinghai requires adherence to a scientific and standardized process, covering key steps such as site selection, assembly, insulation, sewage disposal, facility configuration, energy integration, monitoring deployment, and precision inspection. The specific steps are as follows:
1. Site Selection and Foundation Preparation The site should avoid areas prone to geological disasters (such as landslides and mudslide zones) and ecologically sensitive areas (such as wetlands and water source protection zones), prioritizing flat terrain with good drainage. Foundation treatment involves concrete pouring or prefabricated slab bedding, ensuring that the horizontal error of the bearing surface does not exceed ±5mm to accommodate Qinghai's climate characterized by large diurnal temperature variations and frequent freeze-thaw cycles, preventing structural deformation due to foundation settlement.
2. Main Structure Assembly The main structure primarily uses color-coated steel sheets, with an outer layer of anti-corrosion coated steel and an inner layer of lightweight steel frame connected by high-strength galvanized bolts. Seams are reinforced with sealant for enhanced airtightness. During modular assembly, strict adherence to torque control standards (e.g., bolt tightening torque of 40-50N·m) is required. Electrical wiring and water supply/drainage pipes use quick-connect interfaces with freeze-crack resistance, ensuring normal operation at temperatures as low as -30°C.
3. Insulation Layer Composite Process The wall adopts a multi-layer composite structure: an outer layer of color-coated corrugated steel, an inner layer filled with 50-80mm thick polyurethane foam, and intermediate fixation through both physical anchoring and chemical bonding. The composite process is completed in a constant temperature and humidity environment (temperature 20±2°C, humidity ≤60%) to prevent shrinkage or cracking of the insulation material, effectively blocking cold bridges and maintaining stable indoor toilet temperatures.
4. Sewage Disposal System Design In response to the lack of municipal sewage networks in some areas of Qinghai, a negative pressure collection system is employed: a micro vacuum pump generates a negative pressure of -0.05 to -0.08MPa, transporting waste along dedicated pipes to a sealed collection container. Key control points of the system include pipe slope (≥2%), seal ring material (low-temperature resistant silicone rubber), and dynamic adjustment of negative pressure values to prevent waste backflow or pipe freezing.
5. Internal Facility Configuration Standard configurations include water-saving flushing devices (single flush ≤3L), axial flow ventilation systems (air exchange rate ≥8 times/hour), LED lighting, and leak-proof waste collection containers. In water-scarce regions, biodegradation technology (e.g., adding microbial agents to decompose feces) or chemical treatment agents (e.g., chlorine-containing disinfectant tablets) are used to reduce reliance on traditional water resources.
6. Energy System Integration A photovoltaic power generation system is integrated: photovoltaic panels are fitted to the roof's curved surface via custom brackets, with the tilt angle adjusted according to local latitude (e.g., 35°-40° in Xining) to enhance light collection efficiency. Energy storage uses low-temperature lithium battery packs (operating temperature range -40°C to 60°C) equipped with intelligent charge-discharge controllers that automatically adjust power supply strategies based on usage frequency, ensuring normal operation during three consecutive days of cloudy weather.
7. Intelligent Monitoring Deployment A multi-parameter sensor network is installed, including odor concentration detectors (detection threshold ≤10ppm), liquid level sensors (accuracy ±1mm), and temperature/humidity monitors (resolution 0.1°C). Data is transmitted to a cloud platform via LoRa wireless modules, providing real-time fault alerts (e.g., abnormal negative pressure values, low battery levels) and optimizing maintenance cycles (e.g., quarterly collection container cleaning) through usage frequency analysis.
8. Installation Precision Inspection After construction, three-dimensional laser scanning is used to obtain point cloud data for comparison with the BIM design model, focusing on detecting verticality deviation (≤H/1000, where H is the structural height), seam flatness (≤1mm), and equipment installation positioning accuracy (±2mm). Simultaneously, a dedicated airtightness test is conducted by pressurizing to 500Pa and observing the pressure decay rate (≤5%/min) to ensure no leakage risks under high-altitude pressure variations.
