Prefabricated Slab Construction
Prefabricated slab construction involves multiple processes such as the construction of prefabricated slab houses, installation of composite slabs, and construction of concrete wall panels, offering advantages like energy conservation, template savings, shortened construction periods, and improved quality.
Prefabricated slab houses are structures built primarily using prefabricated slabs, which are factory-made cement components. These slabs are created by nailing wooden models, arranging steel bars, and pouring cement, and come in two types: solid and hollow.
During the installation of prefabricated composite slabs, a lifting steel beam should be used as the lifting device before hoisting to ensure that all lifting points bear force simultaneously, keeping the component stable and preventing cracks or distortions during the lifting process. The tower crane slowly lifts the prefabricated slab, and subsequent operations are carried out after the bottom of the slab leaves the ground.
The construction process for prefabricated concrete wall panels is relatively complex. Before construction, BIM technology should be integrated to deepen the design of the drawings, coordinate with PC component manufacturers in advance, arrange production according to the construction schedule, and plan transportation routes in advance. After measuring and setting out, it is necessary to verify the connecting steel bars, correct misaligned steel bars, level with spacers, and perform mortar bedding and compartmentalization. When hoisting prefabricated interior wall panels, hook them up for lifting. When the component is lifted to 1 meter above the ground, pause for 15 seconds to check if the lifting points are normal. If there are no issues such as hook detachment, proceed with normal lifting to 1 meter above the working surface, then begin to decelerate and descend. Operators guide the descent by holding the wall, use a mirror to observe whether the connecting steel bars align with the holes, slowly descend to the spacers, install diagonal supports, correct the deviation between the component and the installation position line, unhook, and finally use a leveling ruler to check the alignment of the prefabricated wall.
The use of prefabricated slabs in prefabricated building construction offers numerous advantages. In terms of energy conservation, the exterior cladding consists of prefabricated concrete wall panel exteriors with a sandwich insulation system. The outer prefabricated concrete wall leaf has a thickness of no less than 6 centimeters, and the edges are sealed with Class A fire-resistant materials, avoiding the phenomenon of insulation layer decoration falling off the exterior walls of traditional buildings. In terms of template savings, composite slabs serve as the floor bottom formwork, and exterior cladding panels serve as the formwork on one side of the shear wall, saving a large amount of formwork. In terms of the construction period, a large number of wall panels and prefabricated composite slabs are produced in the factory, reducing on-site construction intensity and even eliminating the need for masonry and plastering processes, significantly shortening the overall construction period. In terms of quality, the factory production of PC components can better ensure the thickness of the steel bar protective layer and the spacing between steel bars, greatly improving quality.
