Prefabricated Prefab House Connections
The connection methods for prefabricated prefab houses mainly include bolt connections, welding connections, grout-anchored connections, sleeve grouting connections, and post-poured concrete connections, with specific characteristics and application scenarios as follows:
Bolt connections fix prefabricated components using high-strength bolts, offering advantages such as quick installation, detachability, and stable load-bearing performance. Their core strength lies in high construction efficiency, enabling rapid assembly without complex processes, and the reusability of bolts makes them suitable for scenarios requiring frequent disassembly or adjustment, such as temporary buildings, modular houses, or structural parts needing later modification. However, attention must be paid to controlling the preload of bolts to prevent connection failure due to loosening.
Welding connections utilize arc welding or gas-shielded welding to fuse the connection parts of components, forming rigid connections. Their benefits include high connection strength and good integrity, making them suitable for parts requiring high structural rigidity, such as beam-column joints in frame structures. However, the welding process is prone to thermal deformation and residual stress, necessitating process control (such as preheating and post-heat treatment) to reduce defects. Additionally, welding quality heavily relies on worker skills, making later maintenance more challenging.
Grout-anchored connections achieve connections by reserving holes in prefabricated components, inserting steel bars, and then injecting high-strength grout. They offer simple construction and reliable connections, particularly suitable for vertical components (such as shear walls and columns). The fluidity of the grout can fill small gaps, forming a tight bond, but strict control of hole size, steel bar insertion depth, and grout mix ratio is required to ensure connection strength.
Sleeve grouting connections involve wrapping steel bars with metal sleeves and injecting grout under high pressure to fill gaps, forming mechanical interlocking connections. This method has high load-bearing capacity and is suitable for both horizontal (such as beams) and vertical components, performing exceptionally well in high-intensity earthquake zones. The key lies in controlling sleeve precision, grout performance, and construction pressure to ensure dense grouting without voids.
Post-poured concrete connections reserve steel bars at the connection parts of prefabricated components and achieve overall connection by pouring concrete on-site. This method significantly enhances structural integrity and is commonly used at critical joints (such as foundations and upper structures, transfer floors). Its advantage lies in strong adaptability, compensating for dimensional deviations in prefabricated components, but it requires curing time, resulting in a longer construction period, and careful control of concrete pouring quality is necessary to avoid defects such as cold joints.
In practical applications, a combination of the above methods should be used based on engineering requirements, component types, and load-bearing characteristics. For example, in frame structures, bolt connections can be used for beam-column joints, sleeve grouting connections for column longitudinal bars, and post-poured concrete connections for foundations to balance efficiency and safety.
