Prefabricated Panel Integrated House

A prefabricated panel integrated house is a type of building constructed primarily using prefabricated panels. The construction of new such houses has been restricted, and they are mostly subject to repair and renovation.

Construction Methods and Characteristics

The prefabricated panels used in these houses are cement components manufactured in factories. During production, a wooden model is first nailed together, followed by the placement of steel bars and the pouring of cement, resulting in two types: solid and hollow. The construction method resembles "building with building blocks," where pre-fabricated cement panels are assembled and joined together. This approach offers fast construction speed and low construction costs. This building form originated in the early 20th century, and most residential buildings constructed in China before 1985 adopted this structure. Initially used for floor slabs and roof insulation layers, it was later applied in residential buildings, factories, office buildings, and other architectural fields. During the 1970s and 1980s, China faced a severe housing shortage, and prefabricated panel houses became a key solution to alleviate housing pressure.

Existing Problems

Prefabricated panel houses have numerous issues. Weak earthquake resistance: They are prone to cracking after prolonged use. Poor sound and heat insulation: They are cold in winter and hot in summer, with little privacy for neighbors. Short design service life: Typically lasting only 30-50 years, many have now "exceeded their service life," with some houses experiencing peeling wall surfaces and numerous cracks, even becoming dangerous buildings. Monotonous appearance due to standardized and modular design: The interior space is narrow and cramped, with户型设计 (floor plan design) lacking humanized considerations, significantly reducing living comfort.

Current Situation and Policies

With the development of construction technology, cast-in-place concrete and prefabricated buildings are gradually replacing traditional prefabricated panel houses. Prefabricated buildings use modular factory-prefabricated components, such as CMC (Composite Modular Construction) buildings, which enhance earthquake resistance through integrated steel-concrete pouring and reduce construction time by 30% compared to traditional methods. Since 2022, China has implemented a renovation policy, focusing on repairing and renovating prefabricated panel houses and only demolishing those that meet the criteria for dangerous buildings. In 2023, relevant departments explicitly stipulated that within urban construction land areas, the construction, renovation, and expansion of prefabricated panel houses and other buildings that do not meet safety standards are prohibited.