Exterior Wall of Prefabricated Panel Houses

The exterior wall of prefabricated panel houses is a building exterior wall constructed using prefabricated concrete wall panels, which pose safety hazards and involve complex construction processes, with multiple types available in the market.

Definition and Types

Prefabricated concrete wall panels are reinforced concrete panel components processed and manufactured in prefabrication plants or construction sites for building assembly. Common types include PC wall panels, such as single-sided composite, double-sided composite, fully prefabricated, and industrialized finished wall panels. These wall panels have different characteristics and applicable scenarios and can be selected according to building requirements.

Safety Hazards

Some prefabricated panel houses built in the 1970s and 1980s have thin exterior walls and fragile floor slabs. After prolonged exposure to wind and rain, the steel bars become fatigued, posing serious safety hazards. For example, the exterior wall of a shop under renovation on Chaozong Street and Sangui Street in Changsha suddenly collapsed, causing casualties. According to the "Standard for Appraisal of Dangerous Houses" (JGJ 125 - 2016), a large number of Grade D dangerous houses remain to be addressed in urban areas across the country, with prefabricated panel houses accounting for more than 60%. Grade D dangerous houses mean that the load-bearing structure has completely failed, and the entire building may collapse at any time. These prefabricated panel residential buildings are concentrated in old industrial cities, and the actual lifespan of many buildings is approaching their design limits, requiring urgent attention.

Construction Process

During the lifting and installation of prefabricated exterior walls, transportation and entry into the site should be carried out according to the component entry plan, with attention paid to component protection. Before installation, preparations such as positioning and setting out, and checking the positions of floor slabs and embedded bolts should be carried out. The lifting process should be slow and uniform, with a pause at a height of approximately 1 meter above the floor to eliminate component sway. Installation personnel should assist in lowering the component by hand, perform preliminary positioning according to the positioning lines, and observe whether the steel bars align with the grout sleeves. After the wall panel is in place, its elevation and levelness should be checked, and diagonal supports should be installed and adjusted to precisely position the wall panel horizontally and vertically. Finally, on-site measurements and inspections should be conducted to ensure the quality of component installation.

Market Situation

There are multiple brands of concrete prefabricated exterior wall panels available in the market, such as Heyuda, Guheng, and Weitai. These wall panels vary in compressive strength, shape, appearance, and usage location, and can be selected according to specific needs.