Prefabricated Housing Assembly

Prefabricated housing assembly is a construction method that involves the industrial production of building components and their on-site assembly, offering advantages such as shortened construction periods and reduced pollution.

Definition and Types

Prefabricated housing assembly, also known as prefabricated construction, refers to the production of building components such as beams, slabs, walls, and columns through industrial processes, followed by on-site assembly. The main types include panel-based assembly, box-based assembly, and frame-based assembly. Panel-based construction uses prefabricated wall panels and floor slabs as core components, allowing for expanded usable area but with limitations in design flexibility. Box-based assembly combines prefabricated functional units, increasing construction speed by 50%-70%, but requiring higher transportation and lifting equipment. Modular construction represents a higher level of integration within prefabricated construction.

Technical Scope

Prefabricated housing assembly technology encompasses prefabricated concrete structures and steel structures. These technologies enable standardized and large-scale production of building components in factories, improving production efficiency while ensuring component quality.

Construction Process

The construction process of prefabricated housing is relatively efficient and orderly. Workers first unload the prefabricated components from trucks and build the chassis frame of the house on the pre-poured concrete foundation, laying the floor joists. Next, they position the prefabricated beams with white coatings and secure the joints with metal connectors to ensure stability. Then, they lay large wooden panels to cover the platform, completing the foundation platform construction. After that, they move the prefabricated wall modules onto the platform, stand them upright, and fix them to the base plate with nail guns. Once the exterior wall frame is mostly enclosed, they cut and assemble the partition wall skeletons indoors while laying the floor beams for the second floor. Finally, they proceed with roof construction, transporting the large triangular trusses into place, with ground and roof workers working closely together to lift and precisely position them on the top beams of the walls.

Development and Application

Prefabricated concrete technology in China began in the 1950s, initially applied in factory and residential construction. In the 21st century, due to its production efficiency and environmental advantages, the technology has seen a resurgence. Companies like Vanke Group have developed prefabricated shear wall residential structural systems and applied prefabricated frame technology in engineering projects, driving the development of prefabricated housing assembly technology.