Construction of Insulation Layer for Prefabricated Houses

The construction of the insulation layer for prefabricated houses should follow a scientific process, covering aspects such as plan preparation, material selection, construction steps, and special environmental treatments to ensure insulation effectiveness and construction efficiency.

I. Construction Plan and Preparation

Before construction, a specialized plan should be prepared, specifying the process flow, quality standards, and safety measures. Technicians need to be familiar with design requirements and master the reserved interfaces and joint treatment methods for the insulation layer of prefabricated components, such as the connection method between exterior wall insulation panels and the main structure. Additionally, the quality certificates and test reports of insulation materials should be reviewed to ensure that material properties comply with specifications, such as meeting standards for thermal conductivity and flammability.

II. Material Selection and Standards

• Exterior Wall Insulation: Integrated insulation panels for prefabricated concrete components are commonly used, with extruded polystyrene foam plastic boards (XPS) as the main insulation core material. These must meet requirements such as a density of ≥30 kg/m³, a thermal conductivity of ≤0.03 W/(m·K), and a flammability rating of B1.
• Roof Insulation: Rigid polyurethane foam plastic boards are preferred, needing to meet standards such as a density of ≥35 kg/m³, a thermal conductivity of ≤0.025 W/(m·K), and a compressive strength of ≥150 kPa.
• Floor Insulation: XPS boards are used, along with interface agents and fine aggregate concrete protective layers to prevent moisture damage to the floor insulation performance.
• Auxiliary Materials: Sealants must be weather-resistant, foam rods are used to fill gaps, and anchors must meet tensile load-bearing requirements to ensure a secure connection between the insulation layer and the main structure.

III. Construction Steps and Key Points

Taking exterior wall insulation as an example:

1. Measurement and Cutting: After measuring the gap width, the insulation cotton should be cut 0.5-1 cm larger to ensure a tight fit when inserted into the gap.
2. Cutting and Safety: Use specialized tools to cut insulation materials. Construction personnel should wear protective clothing, dust masks, and goggles to avoid inhaling dust or coming into contact with sharp edges.
3. Synchronous Construction: Insulation layer construction should be carried out simultaneously with the assembly of the main structure, such as reserving interfaces for insulation panels during the installation of prefabricated wall panels to reduce post-construction repair work.

IV. Special Environmental Treatments

• Severe Cold Regions: In areas like Heilongjiang, thickened polyurethane insulation layers (thickness ≥100 mm) and double-glazed thermal break aluminum windows should be used, with wall heat transfer coefficients as low as 0.3 W/(m²·K) to effectively reduce heat loss.
• Thermal Bridge Effect: All metal connectors (such as steel components) should be wrapped with thermal insulation pads, such as nylon or rubber sleeves, to block heat conduction paths.

V. Rapid Construction Case Study

A project utilized a galvanized steel frame with a synthetic insulation layer, with walls composed of multiple layers of synthetic material panels offering both insulation and soundproofing functions. On-site assembly took only 10 hours, achieving efficient construction through modular design while meeting energy-saving requirements.