Prefabricated House Electrical Pipeline Layout

The layout of electrical pipelines in prefabricated houses requires precise positioning of equipment pipelines during the design phase, and the generation of BIM models with civil engineering components for use by prefabricated component factories. Prefabrication personnel then complete the reservation and embedding according to the drawings and standards.

I. Key Points for Point Reservation

1. Standardized Positioning: Boxes and junction boxes must adhere to the modular dimensions of prefabricated components and be accurately positioned on the components. For example, standard 86-type junction boxes should be reserved for sockets, switches, weak current, and fire protection equipment on prefabricated walls; deep junction boxes should be reserved for lighting fixtures, fire detectors, etc., in composite floor slabs to facilitate connection with pipelines in the cast-in-place layer.
2. Modular Coordination: Reserved positions must match the building modular dimensions to avoid structural damage from later slotting. For example, the height of switch boxes from the floor is typically 1.3 meters, and the height of socket boxes from the floor is 0.3 meters, both of which must be adjusted based on the modular lines.

II. Specifications for Electrical Pipeline Embedding

1. Path Optimization: Concealed pipelines should be laid along the shortest path to minimize the number of bends. The bending radius must comply with regulations (e.g., the bending radius of PVC pipes should be ≥ 6 times the pipe diameter). If bends are required, an additional junction box should be installed when the straight pipe section exceeds 15 meters or there are two right-angle bends.
2. Fixing and Protection: Pipelines must be securely tied with iron wire to the bottom reinforcement. The spacing between fixing points for PVC pipes should be ≤ 1 meter, and the distance from the ends and the midpoint of bends should be ≤ 0.5 meters. During concrete pouring, the pipe ends and junction boxes should be sealed with waste paper or foam boards, marked with red paint, and monitored by dedicated personnel to prevent damage from vibration.

III. Detailed Position Requirements

1. Cast-in-place Reinforced Concrete Floor Slabs: The embedded strong current pipelines should be located in the middle of the floor reinforcement, with a spacing of ≥ 25 millimeters from the upper and lower reinforcement to avoid interfering with the reinforcement's load-bearing capacity.
2. Prefabricated Floor Slabs: Pipelines are often installed in the slab joints and fixed with fine aggregate concrete to ensure a tight connection.
3. Fire Separation Areas: When pipelines pass through floor slabs, fire-stopping materials should be installed at the boundaries of fire compartments, with a distance of ≥ 100 millimeters from the boundary to prevent the spread of fire.
4. Waterproof Areas (e.g., bathrooms, kitchens): Pipelines should be laid above the waterproof layer and below the decorative layer, with a spacing of ≥ 20 millimeters from the waterproof layer to prevent short circuits caused by water seepage.
5. Structural Safety Areas: Avoid the negative moment reinforcement areas at the junctions of main beams and floor slabs, with a distance of ≥ 150 millimeters from the edge of the pipeline to this area; when laid near the wall, the distance from the wall surface should be 100-200 millimeters to facilitate later maintenance.
6. Floor Slabs with Underfloor Heating Systems: Strong current pipelines should be laid above the underfloor heating coils, with a spacing of ≥ 100 millimeters to avoid the impact of high temperatures on insulation performance.

By strictly adhering to the above specifications, the electrical pipeline layout in prefabricated houses can be ensured to be safe, efficient, while also taking into account construction convenience and later maintenance needs.