Prefabricated House Design Specification Requirements
The design specification requirements for prefabricated houses cover multiple aspects, including general principles, structural safety, seismic performance, sound and thermal insulation, service life, fire safety regulations, material requirements, and design features. Details are as follows:
General Principles: The design of prefabricated houses must balance four core dimensions: structural safety, seismic performance, sound and thermal insulation, and service life, while adhering to principles such as cost optimization, environmental safety, modern functionality, and aesthetic harmony. For example, prefabricated rural houses should integrate local climate, topography, and traditional architectural features to meet modern living requirements; concrete prefabricated panel houses must comply with national building codes to ensure construction quality.
Structural Safety: Prefabricated components must meet load standards. For instance, the design live load for residential prefabricated floors should be no less than 200 kg/m², with spans ranging from 3 to 6 meters. Beyond this range, special calculations and structural reinforcements are required. Component placement lengths should be no less than 10 cm, and support connections must be reliable. Structural forms include framed walls and steel components, with materials for foundations, roofs, insulation, fire protection, and sound insulation selected according to specifications.
Seismic Performance: According to the 'Building Seismic Design Code', prefabricated structures must pass integrity checks, and node connection areas should be equipped with energy dissipation devices or redundant restraint systems to withstand repeated seismic loads.
Sound and Thermal Insulation: The airborne sound insulation level for party walls should be no less than 50 decibels, and the impact sound pressure level for floors should be controlled below 65 decibels, typically achieved through elastic cushions or floating floor structures.
Service Life: The design service life for prefabricated residential buildings in normal climate zones is 50 years, requiring inspections every 10 years; standards are shortened by 20-30% in coastal or freeze-thaw zones. The 2024 regulations require an anti-corrosion coating thickness of no less than 30 mm in exposed environments.
Fire Safety Regulations: Load-bearing walls should have a fire resistance limit of 3 hours, non-load-bearing walls 2 hours, and floors 1.5 hours; steel structures require fireproof coatings or panels, and fire isolation zones should be established in high-risk areas.
Material Requirements: Prefabricated rural houses should use locally sourced, green, economical, or recyclable materials, prohibiting high-energy-consuming and polluting materials; concrete strength should be no less than C20, steel reinforcement tensile strength no less than 335 MPa, and wall panels should use stable materials such as rock wool or polystyrene boards.
Design Features: Prefabricated rural houses should reflect regional characteristics, such as styles from central Shandong or Jiaodong regions; consider aging-friendly designs like barrier-free ramps; and adopt a north-south orientation with动静分离 functional spaces, including bedrooms, storage, and courtyards.
