Design and Construction Process of Prefabricated Houses

The design and construction process of prefabricated houses mainly includes two major stages: design and construction, with specific steps as follows:

Design Phase
Strict adherence to standards such as the "Code for Design of Concrete Structures" (GB 50010), the "Code for Design of Steel Structures" (GB 50017), and the "Technical Specification for Prefabricated Concrete Structures" (JGJ 1) is required to ensure structural compliance and safety. During design, special attention should be paid to load requirements, including dead loads, live loads, construction loads, and dynamic loads, to ensure that the structural bearing capacity meets usage demands. In terms of material selection, steel trusses should use HRB400 or HRB500 grade steel bars, with concrete strength grades not lower than C30 and thickness controlled within the range of 80-150mm to balance structural strength and economy. Connectors should undergo anti-corrosion treatment, such as hot-dip galvanizing, to extend service life and prevent rust from affecting structural safety.

Construction Phase

1. Site Preparation: Select a flat site with good drainage, clear debris, and compact the ground. Measure and set out according to design dimensions to determine installation positions, providing a stable foundation for subsequent construction.
2. Foundation Construction: Choose strip foundations, independent foundations, or raft foundations based on the type of house, ensuring that foundation dimensions, levelness, and perpendicularity meet standards. Reinforcement layout should comply with design requirements, and concrete pouring quality should be controlled through slump tests and proper vibration to avoid defects such as honeycombing and pitting.
3. Component Transportation and Storage: Factory-prefabricated components should be fixed and protected using specialized transportation tools to prevent damage during transit. On-site storage should be categorized by component type and installation sequence to avoid damage caused by secondary handling.
4. Main Structure Installation: Use cranes to lift components to their installation positions, connecting them with specialized connectors or bolts. Continuously monitor perpendicularity and levelness to ensure that the main structural axis deviation is within allowable limits.
5. Enclosure Structure Installation: When installing wall and roof panels, ensure that panel joints are well-sealed using waterproof glue or sealing strips to prevent leakage. Window and door installation positions should be accurate and tightly connected to avoid looseness or air leakage during later use.
6. Interior Finishing: Complete wall, floor, and ceiling finishing as well as water and electrical line installation. Water and electrical lines should comply with safety regulations, such as wire protection through conduits and water pipe pressure testing, to ensure usage safety.
7. Comprehensive Inspection and Commissioning: Check the flexibility of window and door operation, stability of water and electricity supply, and waterproofing effects. Promptly rectify any issues found to ensure normal house functionality.

Construction and Demolition Key Points
During installation, stabilize the trusses first, then lay the formwork, and finally pour the concrete to ensure structural integrity. During demolition, wait for the concrete to reach the predetermined strength before gradually removing the formwork and trusses in reverse order to avoid component damage. This process is suitable for large-span spaces (such as stadiums and exhibition centers), industrial buildings (factories and warehouses), and residential houses.