Illustrated Guide to the Construction Process of Prefabricated Houses

The construction process of prefabricated houses can be divided into four stages: foundation construction, foundation pile and beam installation, main structure construction, and detail finishing. Key steps must incorporate technical considerations to ensure structural stability.

1. Foundation Construction

After leveling the foundation and clearing away weeds, excavate the foundation pit to ensure the depth and ground level meet design requirements. Lay a white plastic sheet before pouring the concrete垫层 (concrete cushion layer), which prevents moisture loss and enhances concrete strength. During this stage, strictly measure the elevation to avoid subsequent structural tilting or settlement.

2. Foundation Pile and Beam Installation

1. Anchor Plate Fixation: Use expansion screws to secure anchor plates to the cushion layer, providing stable support points for foundation piles.
2. Foundation Pile Hoisting: Install prefabricated foundation piles (each weighing approximately 5 tons) using a mobile crane, lifting them through reserved holes and precisely positioning them.
3. Beam Assembly: After horizontally measuring and adjusting the beam positions, secure them with nuts. Fill gaps with foam sealant and seal them with cement to prevent rainwater infiltration and corrosion.

3. Main Structure Construction

1. Norwegian Modern Wooden House Example:

   • The foundation wall is constructed in three layers: the first layer consists of prefabricated concrete U-shaped blocks filled with concrete; the second layer features prefabricated blocks with EPS foam inserts; the third layer uses U-shaped blocks with EPS foam attached and filled with concrete, forming a composite insulation structure.
   • Wooden Structure: Factory-prefabricated exterior wall panels, gable panels, and truss roof frames (with nodes reinforced by galvanized tooth plates) are used. The second-floor surface is paved with wooden panels to enhance overall seismic resistance.
   • Roof Construction: Sequentially lay an interior plaster layer, gypsum board, glass fiber insulation layer, wooden roof frame, waterproof membrane, roofing battens, and clay tiles, forming a multi-layer protective system.

2. South Korean Rural Prefabricated House Example:

   • Beams are quickly connected using mortise-and-tenon joints. After hoisting the stairs, a 5 cm thick floor slab is laid, and component gaps are grouted to enhance connection strength.

3. General Prefabricated Assembly Process:

   • Prefabricated components (beams, slabs, columns, walls) are manufactured in a factory and transported to the site for assembly in the order of "hoisting columns → main beams → secondary beams → floor slabs." Reinforcing bars are tied together, and nodes and beam-slab cast-in-place layers are poured to ensure structural integrity.

4. Detail Finishing

1. Insulation and Heating: Fill walls with glass fiber insulation, then nail and paint gypsum boards. Indoor heating uses an underfloor electric heating system to improve energy efficiency.
2. Windows, Doors, and Flooring: Windows are selected with insulation features, and some floors are paved with solid wood or tiles, balancing aesthetics and practicality.

5. Technical Considerations

1. Hoisting Management: Arrange component storage areas reasonably to reduce secondary handling workload and improve construction efficiency.
2. Structural Reinforcement: Designs such as mortise-and-tenon joints and galvanized tooth plate reinforcement effectively disperse stress and enhance structural stability.