Prefabricated House Construction Methods
The construction methods for prefabricated houses mainly include foundation treatment, installation of foundation piles and beams, modular assembly, detail finishing, and additional specialized steps for detachable container houses. Details are as follows:
Foundation Treatment: The site needs to be leveled and a cushion layer poured. After excavating foundation pits to the designed depth, a layer of white plastic sheeting is laid to prevent moisture loss from the concrete. Subsequently, concrete is poured to form the foundation. This step must ensure that the foundation's flatness and bearing capacity meet the design requirements to avoid the risk of settlement later.
Installation of Foundation Piles and Beams: After the concrete has set, anchor plates are installed to secure the foundation piles (in some cases, foundation piles can weigh up to 5 tons and require precise lifting with a mobile crane). The beams are then assembled and fixed with nuts, and the gaps are filled with expanding foam to enhance structural stability. This stage requires strict calibration of the pile's verticality and the beam's levelness to ensure the geometric accuracy of the overall framework.
Modular Assembly: The building is disassembled into independent modules such as ceilings, walls, and plumbing and electrical systems. These modules are standardized and prefabricated in a factory before being transported to the site. They are then precisely connected using equipment like tower cranes according to markings (such as project name, model, and production date). Modular design enables rapid assembly similar to building with blocks, significantly reducing construction time (by more than 60% compared to traditional buildings) while minimizing dust and noise pollution from on-site wet work.
Detail Finishing: The gaps between components are grouted to enhance sealing. The connections between beams and foundation piles are sealed with cement to prevent rust. Simultaneously, steps such as stair installation and floor slab laying (e.g., 5 cm thick floor slabs) are completed. During this phase, it is crucial to inspect the connection strength at joints and waterproofing performance to ensure structural durability.
Specialized Steps for Detachable Container Houses: For container-type prefabricated houses, the bottom frame (connecting corner fittings and bottom beams) must first be installed, followed by laying MGO boards and leveling the ground. Then, the columns and top frame are connected sequentially, and wall panels, ceilings, doors, and windows are installed. Finally, plumbing and electrical systems are laid, and roof waterproofing is completed. These houses emphasize modular detachability, requiring particular attention to standardized interface design for easy disassembly and reuse in the future.
