Construction of Prefabricated Houses

The construction of prefabricated houses primarily involves the industrial production of building components, which are then assembled on-site. This approach can be divided into modular construction and other prefabricated assembly construction methods, offering advantages such as shorter construction periods and controllable quality.

Modular Construction

Buildings are broken down into independent modules, which are manufactured in factories, covering all aspects including ceilings, floors, and plumbing and electrical systems. Taking the China Construction Haolong Intelligent Construction Industrial Park in Shenzhen, Guangdong, as an example, ceilings, walls, and waterproof layers in bathrooms of houses are all produced in the factory. Scattered components are first manufactured separately and then assembled on the final assembly platform. The park can deliver 20,000 to 30,000 modules annually. Unlike traditional on-site sequential construction, factories adopt parallel operations, combined with the use of automated three-dimensional warehouses and intelligent production lines, enabling construction periods to be shortened by more than 60%. On a construction site of a real estate project in Shanghai, prefabricated 'building blocks' are transported by tower cranes and installed in appropriate positions. Each 'block' has a detailed 'ID card', including project name, product model, and production date, and the position of each steel bar is precisely located, with error and precision controlled in millimeters.

Other Prefabricated Assembly Construction

The main types include panel assembly, box assembly, and frame assembly, with technologies covering prefabricated concrete structures and steel structures, and components including prefabricated beams, slabs, walls, and columns. Panel assembly buildings use prefabricated wall panels and floor slabs as core components; box assembly combines prefabricated functional units, increasing construction speed by 50%-70%, but requiring higher transportation and lifting equipment.

Construction Advantages

Compared to traditional construction methods, prefabricated house construction offers advantages such as shorter construction periods, controllable quality, energy conservation, environmental protection, and ease of maintenance. It also significantly reduces noise, dust, construction waste, and traffic congestion at construction sites, which are disruptive to local residents. For example, in a public housing project in Shenzhen, Guangdong, five residential buildings nearly 100 meters high were assembled from 6,028 concrete modules. Compared to traditional construction methods, the completion and delivery period was reduced from 2.5 to 3 years to 1 year, and on-site labor was reduced by approximately 50%.