Introduction to Prefabricated Finished Housing
Prefabricated finished housing is a form of construction that involves the industrial production of building components and their on-site assembly. It is also known as 'prefabricated housing', modular construction, or mobile housing. Here is an introduction to it from multiple aspects:
Construction Method: It combines factory prefabrication with on-site assembly. The factory breaks down the building into independent modules and completes the integrated prefabrication and acceptance of various specialties such as architecture, structure, electromechanical systems, and decoration. For example, the Shenzhen Zhongjian Hailong Intelligent Construction Industrial Park can deliver a large number of modules annually. On-site, the prefabricated modules are transported to the construction site and assembled like building blocks, as seen at a construction site of a real estate project in Shanghai, where each 'block' has a detailed 'identity card'.
Types: Based on structural types, there are mainly three kinds: steel structure, concrete, and wood. Chinese enterprises have advantages in steel and concrete structures. Steel structures are lightweight and suitable for ocean transportation and high-rise buildings, while concrete structures offer a more traditional living experience and are highly accepted in the domestic market. Based on assembly methods, there are panel assembly, box assembly, and frame assembly. Panel assembly uses prefabricated wall panels and floor slabs as core components. Box assembly combines prefabricated functional units, and modular construction has a higher degree of integration.
Advantages: Short construction period, with the construction cycle shortened by more than 60%; controllable quality, with errors and precision controlled in millimeters; energy-saving and environmentally friendly, reducing noise, dust, and other disturbing factors at the construction site; strong adaptability, suitable for various scenarios such as affordable housing and remote mining camp sites; and low cost, with the cost of modular housing imported from China being about 30% lower than local construction in some regions.
Development History: It originated in the early 20th century, and China's prefabricated concrete technology began in the 1950s. It regained popularity in the 21st century due to production efficiency and environmental advantages. Since 2022, China has implemented renovation policies, and existing prefabricated panel houses have many problems, while prefabricated finished housing such as modular construction has developed rapidly.
Application Scenarios: Domestically, it is used for affordable housing projects and renovation projects of dilapidated buildings. Abroad, it is popular in more than 160 countries and regions worldwide, used for the construction of remote mining camp sites, high-rise apartments, and residential buildings.
