Waterproofing of Prefabricated Concrete Houses

Waterproofing of prefabricated concrete houses requires targeted measures for different parts, mainly including waterproofing of external wall panels, roof waterproofing, and moisture prevention in elevated floors.

I. Waterproofing of External Wall Panels for Prefabricated Concrete The waterproofing performance of external wall panels is significantly influenced by the durability of sealing materials, the adaptability of joint displacements, and the design of waterproofing and drainage systems. Sealing materials should be selected based on the characteristics of the climate zone. For example, materials resistant to low-temperature embrittlement should be chosen in cold regions, while materials with hydrolysis resistance are needed in hot and humid areas. Joint design should reserve sufficient displacement space to accommodate relative displacements between adjacent wall panels caused by temperature changes or structural settlement, preventing sealant tearing and leakage. The waterproofing and drainage system should form a dual defense: the first line is the sealant closing the joints, and the second line is drainage slopes or channels to ensure rapid drainage of infiltrated water. For instance, drainage holes can be set at the bottom of joints, combined with external water baffles to form a three-dimensional drainage system.

II. Roof Waterproofing for Prefabricated Panels Prefabricated panel roofs are prone to issues such as joint leakage, hidden water migration, and dynamic deformation leakage due to numerous拼接 (joint) gaps and poor structural integrity. A systematic renovation plan should be implemented step by step:

1. Base Treatment: Remove debris from the roof, repair cracks, hollows, and other defects to ensure a flat and solid base;
2. Joint Reinforcement: Fill joint gaps with rigid filling materials (such as epoxy resin mortar) to enhance structural integrity;
3. Waterproof Layer Installation: Use national standard thickened membranes (such as SBS modified bitumen membranes) for full coverage, with special attention to joints, internal and external corners, and other nodes;
4. Gutter Strengthening: The gutter area, due to concentrated drainage and large temperature differences, requires strengthening with weather-resistant special waterproof coatings (such as polyurethane waterproof coatings) and setting drainage slopes to prevent water accumulation.

III. Moisture Prevention in Elevated Floors of Prefabricated Panels Rural self-built houses can achieve a moisture-preventing effect of 'exchanging space for dryness' through elevated floors. The specific method involves pouring the ground beam, backfilling soil to a height of 30-50cm from the ground and compacting it to form a cavity layer. Underground moisture rises to the cavity and dissipates due to the open space, unable to reach the first-floor ground. Two points should be noted in this method: the cavity height should be adjusted according to local humidity, with higher cavities in humid areas; the elevated floor should remain ventilated to avoid moisture accumulation due to enclosure.