Prefabricated Concrete House Construction

Prefabricated concrete house construction is a technique that involves pre-making concrete components and assembling them on-site. It offers advantages such as shortened construction periods and reduced costs, making it suitable for various architectural forms.

I. Component Production
The core aspect of prefabricated concrete house construction is component production, which can be categorized into on-site prefabrication and factory prefabrication. Factory prefabrication achieves standardized production through industrial production lines, covering structural components such as prefabricated floor slabs, beams, walls, and columns. During production, steel bars and concrete are manually bound or mechanically processed to form skeletons, which are then made into finished products through processes such as pouring, vibration, and curing. Factory prefabrication allows for strict control over component dimensional accuracy, reducing on-site construction errors, and utilizing reusable molds to minimize material waste. On-site prefabrication is suitable for components with special dimensions or in areas with limited transportation access, but it is more affected by environmental factors, resulting in relatively lower quality stability.

II. On-Site Assembly
After being transported to the construction site, the components need to be lifted using light cranes. Taking double-layer walls as an example, they are composed of two layers of concrete slabs connected by welded wire mesh, weighing approximately 30% less than traditional walls. During lifting, it is essential to ensure that the horizontal error of the components does not exceed 2mm and the vertical deviation is less than 0.5%, and they should be fixed with temporary supports to prevent displacement. The assembly sequence usually follows the principle of "columns first, then beams; main structure first, then secondary structure" to ensure overall stability. For example, in frame structures, prefabricated columns should be installed first, followed by prefabricated beams to form a spatial framework.

III. Connection and Reinforcement
After positioning, the components need to be integrated using wet or dry connection techniques. Grouted sleeve connection of steel bars is a commonly used wet connection method, where high-strength grout is used to fill the gap between the sleeve and the steel bar to achieve stress transfer; prestressed connection involves applying pre-compression stress to the components by tensioning steel strands to enhance structural seismic performance. For vertical components such as shear walls, concrete needs to be poured at the joints to form a continuous wall, with a compressive strength that must reach at least 110% of the design value. Shear keys or bolts should also be installed at the connection points to prevent slippage under horizontal loads.

IV. Advantages and Applications
This technique can shorten the construction period by 30%-50%, reduce overall costs by about 20%, and minimize construction waste by more than 70%. Since the establishment of the first building component factory in China in 1955, the country has achieved digital upgrades in processes through intelligent production lines and formulated national standards such as the "Technical Standard for Prefabricated Concrete Buildings." It is currently widely used in frame or shear wall structures for residential buildings, schools, hospitals, and other structures. Especially in earthquake-prone areas, prestressed technology can significantly enhance structural ductility, meeting seismic fortification requirements of magnitude 8.